Name: 
 

Ch 39 - Endocrine and Reproductive Systems


Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
The endocrine system is made up of
a.
hormones.
c.
gonads.
b.
glands.
d.
prostaglandins.
 

 2. 
The nervous system is to a telephone as the endocrine system is to a
a.
chemical message.
c.
radio broadcast.
b.
television set.
d.
hormone.
 

 3. 
The endocrine system
a.
affects only the reproductive system.
b.
releases hormones into the bloodstream.
c.
competes with the nervous system.
d.
is made up primarily of glands with ducts.
 

 4. 
Which of the following is a gland of the endocrine system?
a.
sweat gland
c.
pituitary gland
b.
tear gland
d.
all of the above
 
 
nar001-1.jpg

Figure 39–1
 

 5. 
Figure 39–1 shows the body’s
a.
hormones.
c.
endocrine glands.
b.
target cells.
d.
exocrine glands.
 

 6. 
Which structure in Figure 39–1 regulates the level of calcium in the blood?
a.
C
c.
E
b.
D
d.
F
 

 7. 
What is the function of the structure labeled H in Figure 39–1?
a.
to produce sex hormones
c.
to produce insulin and glucagon
b.
to produce thyroxine
d.
to produce thymosin
 

 8. 
Which structure in Figure 39–1 releases hormones that regulate many of the other endocrine glands?
a.
B
c.
H
b.
D
d.
J
 

 9. 
Unlike endocrine glands, exocrine glands
a.
release secretions through ducts.
b.
release hormones.
c.
release secretions directly into the bloodstream.
d.
are found throughout the body.
 

 10. 
Unlike nonsteroid hormones, steroid hormones
a.
remain outside the target cell.
c.
have no target cells.
b.
bind to receptors inside the target cell.
d.
are made of proteins.
 

 11. 
A thermostat is a good example of a(an)
a.
hormone-receptor complex.
c.
prostaglandin.
b.
feedback system.
d.
exocrine gland.
 

 12. 
One way the endocrine system helps maintain homeostasis is by having
a.
each gland secrete only one hormone.
b.
two hormones with opposite effects regulate certain things.
c.
only steroid hormones regulate important functions.
d.
the pituitary gland regulate all the other glands.
 

 13. 
Feedback inhibition means that an increase in a substance will
a.
decrease production of that substance.
b.
increase production of that substance.
c.
increase the production of other substances.
d.
stop production of another substance.
 

 14. 
Which endocrine gland secretes sex hormones?
a.
adrenal medulla
c.
hypothalamus
b.
testis
d.
pituitary
 

 15. 
Which gland fails to produce enough of its hormone in the disease diabetes mellitus?
a.
adrenal
c.
pancreas
b.
hypothalamus
d.
parathyroid
 

 16. 
Which gland produces epinephrine and norepinephrine?
a.
parathyroid
c.
pituitary
b.
hypothalamus
d.
adrenal
 

 17. 
Puberty usually begins between the ages of
a.
5 and 8.
c.
16 and 19.
b.
9 and 15.
d.
20 and 25.
 

 18. 
Which hormones stimulate the gonads to mature?
a.
FSH and LH
c.
androgens
b.
estrogens
d.
testosterone and progesterone
 

 19. 
The testes and the ovaries do not begin making active reproductive cells until
a.
birth.
c.
gastrulation.
b.
fertilization.
d.
puberty.
 

 20. 
Testosterone is needed for the development of
a.
eggs.
c.
the uterus.
b.
sperm.
d.
all of the above
 

 21. 
Specialized sex cells are known as
a.
gametes.
c.
gonads.
b.
hormones.
d.
organs.
 

 22. 
How many ova do the ovaries usually produce?
a.
one per day
c.
one between them each month
b.
about 20 per year
d.
200 million at a time
 

 23. 
Which structure produces sperm?
a.
scrotum
c.
seminiferous tubules
b.
epididymis
d.
vas deferens
 

 24. 
Which of the following is NOT a function of the female reproductive system?
a.
to produce eggs
b.
to prepare the body to carry an embryo
c.
to deliver sperm
d.
to release eggs into the Fallopian tubes
 

 25. 
Which organ system is responsible for making and delivering sperm?
a.
female reproductive system
c.
nervous system
b.
endocrine system
d.
male reproductive system
 

 26. 
Which of the following is NOT a phase in the menstrual cycle?
a.
menstruation
c.
fertilization
b.
luteal
d.
ovulation
 

 27. 
When during the menstrual cycle does an egg have the best chance of being fertilized?
a.
during the follicular phase
c.
the beginning of the luteal phase
b.
just before menstruation
d.
the day of ovulation
 

 28. 
One menstrual cycle usually lasts about a
a.
day.
c.
month.
b.
week.
d.
year.
 

 29. 
During the menstrual cycle, LH and FSH peak, causing the
a.
corpus luteum to disintegrate.
b.
follicle to release a mature egg.
c.
uterine lining to detach from the uterus.
d.
the lining of the uterus to thicken.
 

 30. 
Menstruation does not occur if the
a.
uterine lining thickens.
c.
progesterone level falls.
b.
estrogen level falls.
d.
egg is fertilized.
 

 31. 
A zygote is a
a.
two-celled embryo.
c.
blastocyst.
b.
solid ball of about 50 cells.
d.
fertilized egg.
 

 32. 
The chances of fertilization are very good if sperm are present and a(an)
a.
blastocyst is already present.
c.
woman is menstruating.
b.
egg is in the Fallopian tubes.
d.
all of the above
 

 33. 
Which of the following are required for fertilization to occur inside the female body?
a.
Sperm must swim into a Fallopian tube.
b.
An egg must be present in the Fallopian tube.
c.
The nucleus of a sperm must enter an egg cell.
d.
all of the above
 

 34. 
During the process of fertilization, which step happens first?
a.
The sperm’s nucleus enters the egg cell.
b.
Enzymes break down the protective layer of the egg cell membrane.
c.
A sperm attaches to a binding site on the egg cell membrane.
d.
The cell membrane of the egg cell changes.
 

 35. 
Where does fertilization usually occur?
a.
Fallopian tube
c.
uterus
b.
ovary
d.
vagina
 

 36. 
What is the result of gastrulation?
a.
a blastocyst
c.
the amnion
b.
a zygote
d.
germ layers
 

 37. 
Which of the following forms during gastrulation?
a.
endoderm
c.
mesoderm
b.
ectoderm
d.
all of the above
 

 38. 
Which of the following processes happens last?
a.
gastrulation
c.
fertilization
b.
implantation
d.
ovulation
 

 39. 
Which of the following is a function of the placenta?
a.
mixing the blood of the mother and the fetus
b.
protecting the fetus from any drugs or alcohol in the mother’s body
c.
providing nutrients to the fetus
d.
cushioning and protecting the fetus
 

 40. 
The placenta connects the
a.
fetus to the mother’s uterus.
c.
umbilical cord to the mother’s vagina.
b.
ectoderm to the endoderm.
d.
uterus to the cervix.
 

 41. 
If a woman is exposed to HIV during her pregnancy, the
a.
placenta will protect the fetus from the HIV viruses.
b.
HIV viruses can cross the placenta and harm the fetus.
c.
HIV viruses could harm the placenta.
d.
fetus will probably recover quickly from the disease.
 

 42. 
Which of the following is characteristic of infancy?
a.
Teeth appear.
b.
Puberty begins.
c.
The first signs of aging appear.
d.
An individual reaches 70 percent of her or his adult height.
 

 43. 
Which stage of the human life cycle occurs first?
a.
puberty
c.
adolescence
b.
adulthood
d.
childhood
 

 44. 
Which of the following usually develop(s) during childhood?
a.
personality
b.
social skills
c.
long bones, to 80 percent of adult height
d.
all of the above
 

 45. 
All of the following usually occur during adolescence EXCEPT
a.
a growth spurt.
b.
secondary sex characteristics.
c.
puberty.
d.
the appearance of first permanent teeth.
 

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.  If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
 

 46. 
The endocrine system carries out its job by releasing target cells into the bloodstream. _________________________

 

 47. 
Exocrine glands release their secretions into the bloodstream. _________________________

 

 48. 
A nonsteroid hormone enters a target cell by passing across its cell membrane. _________________________

 

 49. 
Thyroxine inhibits the secretion of TSH by the anterior pituitary gland, which maintains homeostasis. _________________________

 

 50. 
The parathyroid glands secrete hormones that help the body deal with stress. ______________________________

 

 51. 
The highest level of physical strength and development occurs during adolescence. _________________________

 

 52. 
If a person’s thyroid gland is removed surgically and hormone supplements are not taken, the person will probably lack energy, feel cold, and gain weight. _________________________

 

 53. 
During puberty the reproductive system becomes fully functional. _________________________

 

 54. 
The male reproductive system and the female reproductive system develop from the same tissues in the embryo. _________________________

 

 55. 
A female is born with immature eggs and does not produce any new eggs during her lifetime. _________________________

 

 56. 
In a 28-day menstrual cycle, menstruation usually begins on the 14th day of the menstrual cycle. _________________________

 

 57. 
The process of a sperm joining an egg is called gastrulation. _________________________

 

 58. 
If the primary germ layers fail to form normally during gastrulation, the embryo could develop misshapen organs. _________________________

 

 59. 
If the placenta were to detach from the mother’s uterus early, the embryo would stop receiving food and oxygen. _________________________

 

 60. 
Infancy ends at about two years of age. _________________________

 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 

 61. 
The ____________________ system is made up of glands that release their products into the ____________________.
 

 

 62. 
____________________ are chemicals that travel through the bloodstream and affect the activities of other cells.
 

 

 63. 
Feedback ____________________ occurs when an increase in any substance inhibits the process that produced the substance.
 

 
 
nar001-1.jpg

Figure 39–1
 

 64. 
If the structure labeled ____________________ in Figure 39–1 produces too much of its hormone, the result is nervousness, elevated body temperature, and weight loss.
 

 

 65. 
If a child’s diet lacks iodine, the ____________________ gland cannot produce its hormone and the child is likely to develop a condition called ____________________.
 

 

 66. 
____________________ is a period of rapid growth and sexual maturation during which the reproductive system becomes fully functional.
 

 

 67. 
In the female body, each egg is surrounded by a ____________________, which breaks open when the egg is mature.
 

 

 68. 
If the temperature of the scrotum increases by 5º Celsius, ____________________ may not develop properly.
 

 

 69. 
The shortest phase of the menstrual cycle is ____________________.
 

 

 70. 
The testes are contained in an external sac called the _________________________.
 

 

 71. 
If a woman is not ovulating, there is no chance of ____________________.
 

 

 72. 
During ____________________, three germ layers form. They are called ____________________, ectoderm, and mesoderm.
 

 

 73. 
Almost everything that the mother takes into her body passes through the ____________________ to the embryo.
 

 

 74. 
The placenta is the connection between the ____________________ and the developing fetus.
 

 

 75. 
The life cycle after birth is as follows: infancy, ____________________, adolescence, and ____________________.
 

 

Short Answer
 

 76. 
How do the nervous and endocrine systems differ in the way they help to maintain homeostasis?
 

 77. 
Compare endocrine glands and exocrine glands. Give an example of each kind of gland.
 

 78. 
What determines whether a human embryo will develop into a male or a female?
 

 79. 
List the three germ layers that result from gastrulation.
 

 80. 
Name and describe one of the four stages that follow birth.
 



 
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