Multiple Choice (Value 19)
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers
the question.
|
|
|
1.
|
In 1859, Charles Darwin published his revolutionary scientific ideas in a work
titled
a. | Principles of Geology. | b. | Essay on the Principle of
Population. | c. | Evolution in Malaysia. | d. | On the Origin of
Species. |
|
|
|
2.
|
Darwin was prompted to publish his theory of evolution by
a. | an essay by Wallace on evolution. | b. | the publication of Lamarck’s theory of
evolution. | c. | the vice governor of the Galápagos Islands. | d. | the work of Hutton
and Lyell. |
|
|
|
3.
|
When Charles Darwin returned from the voyage of the Beagle, he
a. | immediately published his ideas about evolution. | b. | realized his ideas
about evolution were wrong. | c. | wrote about his ideas but waited many years to
publish them. | d. | copied the evolutionary theory of Wallace. |
|
|
|
4.
|
Charles Darwin’s observation that finches of different species on the
Galápagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these
finches
a. | have the ability to interbreed. | b. | acquired traits through use and
disuse. | c. | all eat the same type of food. | d. | descended from a common
ancestor. |
|
|
|
5.
|
When farmers select animals or plants to use for breeding, they look for
a. | species that are perfect and unchanging. | b. | homologous
structures. | c. | characteristics acquired during the lifetime of the organism.
| d. | natural variations that are present in a species. |
|
|
|
6.
|
When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved
is
a. | natural selection. | c. | artificial variation. | b. | artificial
selection. | d. | survival of the
fittest. |
|
|
|
7.
|
Which statement about the members of a population that live long enough to
reproduce is consistent with the theory of natural selection?
a. | They transmit characteristics acquired by use and disuse to their
offspring. | b. | They tend to produce fewer offspring than others in the
population. | c. | They are the ones that are best adapted to survive in their
environment. | d. | They will perpetuate unfavorable changes in the
species. |
|
|
|
8.
|
Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its
specific environment
a. | diversity. | c. | adaptation. | b. | fitness. | d. | evolution. |
|
|
|
9.
|
According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, the individuals that
tend to survive are those that have
a. | characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse. | b. | characteristics that
plant and animal breeders value. | c. | the greatest number of
offspring. | d. | variations best suited to the environment. |
|
|
|
10.
|
An adaptation is an inherited characteristic that can be
a. | physical or behavioral. | b. | physical or geographical. | c. | acquired during the
organism’s lifetime. | d. | the result of artificial
selection. |
|
|
|
11.
|
Modern sea star larvae resemble some primitive vertebrate larvae. This
similarity may suggest that primitive vertebrates
a. | share a common ancestor with sea stars. | b. | evolved from sea
stars. | c. | evolved before sea stars. | d. | belong to the same species as sea
stars. |
|
|
|
12.
|
People of Charles Darwin’s time understood that fossils
a. | were preserved remains of ancient organisms. | b. | were available for
every organism that ever lived. | c. | were unrelated to living
species. | d. | were evidence for the evolution of life on Earth. |
|
|
|
13.
|
The number and location of bones of many fossil vertebrates are similar to those
in living vertebrates. Most biologists would probably explain this fact on the basis of
a. | the needs of the organisms. | c. | the struggle for
existence. | b. | a common ancestor. | d. | the inheritance of acquired traits. |
|
|
|
14.
|
Charles Darwin viewed the fossil record as
a. | evidence that Earth was thousands of years old. | b. | a detailed record of
evolution. | c. | interesting but unrelated to the evolution of modern species. | d. | evidence that traits
are acquired through use or disuse. |
|
|
|
15.
|
Darwin’s theory of evolution suggests that
a. | species change over time. | b. | extinct species are not related to living
species. | c. | different species can interbreed. | d. | animals that look alike are the most closely
related. |
|
|
|
16.
|
The same kinds of cells that grow in similar patterns in different but related
organisms produce
a. | homologous structures such as wings and arms. | b. | the same kind of
embryos. | c. | natural variations in a population. | d. | descent with
modification. |
|
|
|
17.
|
Which statement is in agreement with Darwin’s theory of evolution?
a. | More offspring are produced than can possibly survive. | b. | The organisms that
are the fittest are always largest and strongest. | c. | The number of offspring is not related to
fitness. | d. | Acquired characteristics that are inherited are the cause of
evolution. |
|
|
|
18.
|
Which concept is NOT included in the modern theory of evolution?
a. | descent with modification | b. | natural selection | c. | transmission of
acquired characteristics | d. | competition among the members of a
population |
|
|
|
19.
|
Which phrase best defines evolution by natural selection?
a. | an adaptation of a species to its environment | b. | a sudden replacement
of one population by another | c. | changes in a species as it becomes more
perfect | d. | a process of change in species over time |
|
Modified True/False (Value 6)
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false,
change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
|
|
|
20.
|
In 1858, Alfred Russel Wallace sent Charles Darwin an essay proposing an
explanation for evolution that was very similar to Darwin’s.
_________________________
|
|
|
21.
|
Artificial selection as practiced by farmers is also called selective
breeding. _________________________
|
|
|
22.
|
In natural selection, human breeders, rather than the environment, select
the variations of traits to be passed to offspring. ______________________________
|
|
|
23.
|
According to the concept of natural variation, living and extinct species
evolved from the same ancestors. ______________________________
|
|
|
24.
|
According to Charles Darwin, individuals best suited to their environment
survive and reproduce most successfully. _________________________
|
|
|
25.
|
According to Charles Darwin, members of a species must share limited
resources. _________________________
|
Completion (Value 4)
Complete
each statement.
|
|
|
26.
|
Charles Darwin observed that instead of being perfect and unchanging,
individuals in a species show ____________________.
|
|
|
27.
|
According to Darwin’s theory of evolution, ____________________ change
over time.
|
|
|
28.
|
Darwin proposed that natural selection took place as individuals best suited to
the ____________________ survived and reproduced.
|
|
|
29.
|
Charles Darwin realized that the measure of success for an organism was not only
a long period of survival but also ____________________.
|
Short Answer (Value 10)
|
|
|
30.
|
How did the farmers observed by Charles Darwin improve their livestock?
|
|
|
31.
|
In artificial selection, what factor substitutes for naturally occurring
selection pressures?
|
|
|
Figure
15–1
|
|
|
32.
|
How could vestigial structures like the whale pelvis and femur shown in Figure
15–1 contribute to the theory of evolution?
|
|
|
33.
|
What did Charles Darwin conclude about the existence of a common ancestor for
all life?
|
|
|
34.
|
Summarize Charles Darwin’s contribution to science.
|
Essay (Value 8)
|
|
|
35.
|
Why is it possible that Alfred Wallace independently developed the same ideas
about evolution that Darwin did?
|
|
|
36.
|
How did the practices of English farmers influence Darwin’s concept of
natural selection?
|
|
|
37.
|
What might happen if a well-adapted population experienced sudden major changes
in its environment?
|
|
|
38.
|
What sources of evidence did Charles Darwin consider when he presented his
concept of evolution by natural selection?
|