Multiple Choice Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which of the following are shown in a karyotype?
a. | homologous chromosomes | c. | autosomes | b. | sex chromosomes | d. | all of the
above |
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2.
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Which of the following can be observed in a karyotype?
a. | a change in a DNA base | c. | genes | b. | an extra chromosome | d. | alleles |
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3.
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Human females produce egg cells that have
a. | one X chromosome. | c. | one X or one Y chromosome. | b. | two X
chromosomes. | d. | one X and one
Y chromosome. |
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4.
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What is the approximate probability that a human offspring will be
female?
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5.
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A human female inherits
a. | two copies of every gene located on the X chromosome. | b. | twice as many sex
chromosomes as a human male inherits. | c. | one copy of every gene located on the Y
chromosome. | d. | all of the same genes that a human male inherits. |
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6.
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In a pedigree, a circle represents a(an)
a. | male. | c. | child. | b. | female. | d. | adult. |
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7.
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A pedigree can be used to
a. | determine whether a trait is inherited. | b. | show how a trait is
passed from one generation to the next. | c. | determine whether an allele is dominant or
recessive. | d. | all of the above |
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8.
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Which of the following would you be least likely to see in a pedigree?
a. | All of the symbols are unshaded. | c. | All of the symbols are
squares. | b. | All of the symbols are shaded. | d. | About half of the symbols are
circles. |
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9.
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Which of the following is caused by a dominant allele?
a. | Huntington disease | c. | Tay-Sachs disease | b. | PKU | d. | none of the
above |
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10.
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Which of the following is caused by a dominant allele that expresses itself late
in a person’s life?
a. | cystic fibrosis | c. | PKU | b. | sickle cell disease | d. | Huntington
disease |
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11.
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A person who has PKU
a. | inherited the recessive allele for the trait from one parent. | b. | inherited the
recessive allele for the trait from both parents. | c. | is heterozygous for the
trait. | d. | will not pass the allele for the trait to his or her
offspring. |
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12.
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Which of the following genotypes result in the same phenotype?
a. | IAIA and
IAIB | c. | IBIB and
IAIB | b. | IBIB and
IBi | d. | IBi and ii |
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13.
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If a man with blood type A and a woman with blood type B produce an offspring,
what might be the offspring’s blood type?
a. | AB or O | c. | A, B, AB, or O | b. | A, B, or O | d. | AB only |
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14.
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Sickle cell disease is caused by a
a. | change in one DNA base. | b. | change in the size of a
chromosome. | c. | change in two genes. | d. | change in the number of chromosomes in a
cell. |
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15.
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Which of the following does NOT lead to cystic fibrosis?
a. | missing codon in mRNA | c. | malformed red blood cells | b. | shorter CFTR
polypeptide chain | d. | absence
of CFTR in cell membrane |
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16.
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People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy
because
a. | they are very likely to get malaria. | b. | they usually have some normal hemoglobin in
their red blood cells. | c. | their abnormal hemoglobin usually doesn’t
cause their red blood cells to become sickle shaped. | d. | they do not produce abnormal
hemoglobin. |
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17.
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Alleles found on the same chromosomes
a. | are dominant. | c. | are linked. | b. | are never separated by
recombination. | d. | contain
repetitive DNA. |
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18.
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The long stretches of repetitive DNA in chromosomes 21 and 22 are unstable
sites
a. | that contain genes. | b. | that do not code for proteins.
| c. | that cause genetic disorders. | d. | that do not allow crossing-over to
occur. |
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19.
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Most sex-linked genes are located on
a. | the autosomes. | b. | the X chromosome only. | c. | the Y chromosome
only. | d. | both the X chromosome and the Y chromosome. |
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20.
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Colorblindness is more common in males than in females because
a. | fathers pass the allele for colorblindness to their sons only. | b. | the allele for
colorblindness is located on the Y chromosome. | c. | the allele for colorblindness is recessive and
located on the X chromosome. | d. | males who are colorblind have two copies of the
allele for colorblindness. |
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21.
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Which of the following statements is true?
a. | Females cannot have hemophilia. | b. | A colorblind boy received the allele for
colorblindness from his mother. | c. | A sex-linked allele cannot be
dominant. | d. | The mother of a colorblind boy must be colorblind. |
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22.
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Which of the following form(s) a Barr body?
a. | the Y chromosome in a male cell | b. | the X chromosome in a male
cell | c. | one of the X chromosomes in a female cell | d. | both of the X
chromosomes in a female cell |
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23.
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A cat that has spots of more than one color
a. | has no Barr bodies. | c. | is probably male. | b. | is probably female. | d. | has recessive alleles for coat
color. |
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24.
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The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis is called
a. | nondisjunction. | c. | Turner’s syndrome. | b. | X-chromosome
inactivation. | d. | Down
syndrome. |
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25.
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Because the X chromosome contains genes that are vital for normal development,
no baby has been born
a. | with one X chromosome. | c. | without an X chromosome. | b. | with three X
chromosomes. | d. | with four X
chromosomes. |
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26.
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Which of the following combinations of sex chromosomes represents a
female?
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27.
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If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis,
a. | only two gametes may form instead of four. | b. | some gametes may
have an extra copy of some genes. | c. | the chromatids do not
separate. | d. | it occurs during prophase. |
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28.
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Nondisjunction can involve
a. | autosomes. | c. | homologous chromosomes. | b. | sex
chromosomes. | d. | all of the
above |
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29.
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Scientists test for alleles that cause human genetic disorders by
a. | making karyotypes. | b. | making DNA fingerprints. | c. | detecting the DNA
sequences found in those alleles. | d. | making
pedigrees. |
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30.
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The process of DNA fingerprinting is based on the fact that
a. | the most important genes are different among most people. | b. | no two people,
except identical twins, have exactly the same DNA. | c. | most genes are dominant. | d. | most people have DNA
that contains repeats. |
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31.
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What conclusion CANNOT be made from two DNA fingerprints that show identical
patterns of bands?
a. | The DNA from the two DNA fingerprints almost certainly came from the same
person. | b. | The DNA from the two DNA fingerprints definitely came from two different
people. | c. | The DNA from the two DNA fingerprints was separated by size. | d. | The DNA repeats that
formed the bands in each DNA fingerprint are the same length. |
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32.
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Which of the following information CANNOT be obtained from the Human Genome
Project?
a. | causes of genetic disorders | b. | amino acid sequences of human
proteins | c. | locations of genes on chromosomes | d. | whether an allele is dominant or
recessive |
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33.
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The purpose of gene therapy is to
a. | cure genetic disorders. | b. | determine the sequences of
genes. | c. | remove mutations from genes. | d. | change dominant alleles to recessive
alleles. |
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34.
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Which of the following is the first step in gene therapy?
a. | splicing the normal gene to viral DNA | b. | allowing recombinant viruses to infect human
cells | c. | using restriction enzymes to cut out the normal gene from DNA | d. | identifying the
faulty gene that causes the disease |
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35.
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Gene therapy is successful if the
a. | viruses carrying the replacement gene infect the person’s
cells. | b. | replacement gene is replicated in the person’s cells. | c. | replacement gene is
transcribed in the person’s cells. | d. | replacement gene is successfully spliced to
viral DNA. |
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Modified True/False Indicate
whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the
statement true.
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36.
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In a human karyotype, 44 of the chromosomes are autosomes.
_________________________
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37.
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In a human karyotype, 23 chromosome pairs are similar in size and shape.
_________________________
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38.
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In humans, the mother determines the sex of the offspring.
_________________________
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39.
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In a pedigree, if a mother is represented by a shaded circle and a father is
represented by a shaded square, their children can be represented by either shaded or unshaded
circles or squares. _________________________
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40.
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If a person has blood type A, he or she cannot receive a blood
transfusion from a person with blood type O. _________________________
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41.
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Two parents who have Huntington disease may produce an offspring who does
not have Huntington disease. _________________________
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42.
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If a cat has both orange and black spots, it is homozygous for the
alleles on the X chromosome that code for spot color. _________________________
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43.
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A person who has Down syndrome has two copies of chromosome 21.
_________________________
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44.
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DNA fingerprinting analyzes sections of DNA that have little or no known
function but are similar from person to person. _________________________
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45.
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To locate genes within the human DNA sequence, scientists look for open
reading frames within the sequence. _________________________
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Completion Complete each
statement.
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46.
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In humans, sex is determined by the X and ____________________
chromosomes.
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47.
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If a couple has five boys, the probability that the next child will be a boy is
____________________.
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48.
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A(An) ____________________ is a diagram that follows the inheritance of a single
gene through several generations of a family.
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49.
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A person who has ____________________ is unable to break down the amino acid
phenylalanine.
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50.
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The alleles IA and ____________________ for the ABO blood
group are codominant.
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51.
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People who have sickle cell disease inherited ____________________ copies of the
sickle cell allele.
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52.
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A boy who has hemophilia inherited the disorder from his
____________________.
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53.
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A Barr body is a turned-off ____________________ chromosome.
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54.
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A person can be tested for the allele that causes Huntington disease because the
_________________________ of that allele is different from that of the normal allele.
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55.
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In DNA fingerprinting, the DNA probe that is used is ____________________ to the
DNA sequence of the repeats.
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