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Ch 10 to 14 Exam Review



Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 

Which pair is correct?
a.
G1 phase, DNA replication
c.
S phase, cell division
b.
G2 phase, preparation for mitosis
d.
M phase, cell growth
 

 2. 

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about the events of the cell cycle?
a.
Interphase is usually the longest phase.
b.
DNA replicates during the S phase.
c.
Cell division ends with cytokinesis.
d.
The size of the cell increases during the G2 phase.
 

 3. 

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?
a.
prophase
c.
metaphase
b.
telophase
d.
anaphase
 

 4. 

During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell having four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each containing
a.
two chromosomes.
c.
eight chromosomes.
b.
four chromosomes.
d.
sixteen chromosomes.
 

 5. 

Cells grown in a petri dish tend to divide until they form a thin layer covering the bottom of the dish. If cells are removed from the middle of the dish, the cells bordering the open space will begin dividing until they have filled the empty space. What does this experiment show?
a.
When cells come into contact with other cells, they stop growing.
b.
The controls on cell growth and division can be turned on and off.
c.
Cell division can be regulated by factors outside the cell.
d.
all of the above
 

 6. 

When cytoplasm from a cell that is undergoing mitosis is injected into a cell that is in interphase, the second cell
a.
stays in interphase.
c.
stops making cyclin.
b.
enters mitosis.
d.
loses its p53.
 

 7. 

Which of the following regulate(s) the cell cycle?
a.
growth factors
c.
p53
b.
cyclins
d.
all of the above
 

 8. 

Gregor Mendel removed the male parts from the flowers of some plants in order to
a.
prevent hybrids from forming.
b.
prevent cross-pollination.
c.
stimulate self-pollination.
d.
make controlled crosses between plants.
 

 9. 

The principle of dominance states that
a.
all alleles are dominant.
b.
all alleles are recessive.
c.
some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.
d.
alleles are neither dominant nor recessive.
 

 10. 

When Gregor Mendel crossed true-breeding tall plants with true-breeding short plants, all the offspring were tall because
a.
the allele for tall plants is recessive.
b.
the allele for short plants is dominant.
c.
the allele for tall plants is dominant.
d.
they were true-breeding like their parents.
 

 11. 

If a pea plant has a recessive allele for green peas, it will produce
a.
green peas if it also has a dominant allele for yellow peas.
b.
both green peas and yellow peas if it also has a dominant allele for yellow peas.
c.
green peas if it does not also have a dominant allele for yellow peas.
d.
yellow peas if it does not also have a dominant allele for green peas.
 

 12. 

A heterozygous tall pea plant is crossed with a short plant. The probability that an F1 plant will be tall is
a.
25%.
c.
75%.
b.
50%.
d.
100%.
 

 13. 

Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be
a.
hybrid.
c.
heterozygous.
b.
homozygous.
d.
dominant.
 

 14. 

A Punnett square shows all of the following EXCEPT
a.
all possible results of a genetic cross.
b.
the genotypes of the offspring.
c.
the alleles in the gametes of each parent.
d.
the actual results of a genetic cross.
 

 15. 

How many different allele combinations would be found in the gametes produced by a pea plant whose genotype was RrYY?
a.
2
c.
8
b.
4
d.
16
 

 16. 

Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene are called
a.
multiple alleles.
c.
polygenic inheritance.
b.
incomplete dominance.
d.
multiple genes.
 

 17. 

A cross of a black chicken (BB) with a white chicken (WW) produces all speckled offspring (BBWW). This type of inheritance is known as
a.
incomplete dominance.
c.
codominance.
b.
polygenic inheritance.
d.
multiple alleles.
 

 18. 

A male and female bison that are both heterozygous for normal skin pigmentation (Aa) produce an albino offspring (aa). Which of Mendel’s principles explain(s) why the offspring is albino?
a.
dominance only
c.
dominance and segregation
b.
independent assortment only
d.
segregation only
 

 19. 

Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
a.
diploid cells.
c.
2N daughter cells.
b.
haploid cells.
d.
body cells.
 

 20. 

Gene maps are based on
a.
the frequencies of crossing-over between genes.
b.
independent assortment.
c.
genetic diversity.
d.
the number of genes in a cell.
 

 21. 

If two genes are on the same chromosome and rarely assort independently,
a.
crossing-over never occurs between the genes.
b.
crossing-over always occurs between the genes.
c.
the genes are probably located far apart from each other.
d.
the genes are probably located close to each other.
 

 22. 

Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
a.
ribose + phosphate group + thymine
b.
ribose + phosphate group + uracil
c.
deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil
d.
deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
 

 23. 

During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases
a.
TCGAAC.
c.
AGCTTG.
b.
GATCCA.
d.
GAUCCA.
 

 24. 

RNA contains the sugar
a.
ribose.
c.
glucose.
b.
deoxyribose.
d.
lactose.
 

 25. 

Which type(s) of RNA is(are) involved in protein synthesis?
a.
transfer RNA only
b.
messenger RNA only
c.
ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA only
d.
messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA
 

 26. 

Which of the following statements is false?
a.
Some genes code for enzymes.
b.
The instructions for making some proteins are not specified by genes.
c.
An organism’s inherited traits depend on proteins.
d.
An organism’s genes determine its inherited traits.
 

 27. 

In E. coli, the lac operon controls the
a.
breakdown of lactose.
c.
breakdown of glucose.
b.
production of lactose.
d.
production of glucose.
 

 28. 

Gene regulation in eukaryotes
a.
usually involves operons.
b.
is simpler than in prokaryotes.
c.
allows for cell specialization.
d.
includes the action of an operator region.
 

 29. 

Which of the following statements is false?
a.
Mutations do not occur in hox genes.
b.
Hox genes that are found in different animals are very different from each other.
c.
Hox genes control the normal development of an animal.
d.
Hox genes occur in clusters.
 

 30. 

Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a.
Inbreeding and hybridization are opposite processes.
b.
A hybrid plant has all the characteristics of both its parents.
c.
Inbreeding can produce an offspring that has a defect that neither parent shows.
d.
Hybridization is used to produce new varieties of plants and animals.
 

 31. 

Scientists can transform plant cells by
a.
using the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
b.
removing the plant cell walls and then mixing the cells with DNA.
c.
injecting DNA into the plant cells.
d.
all of the above
 

 32. 

Why is Dolly a clone?
a.
The source of her DNA was a single body cell.
b.
The DNA molecules in all her cells are identical.
c.
She was produced using the DNA from an adult’s egg cell.
d.
She is genetically identical to her offspring.
 

 33. 

In a pedigree, a circle represents a(an)
a.
male.
c.
child.
b.
female.
d.
adult.
 

 34. 

If a man with blood type A and a woman with blood type B produce an offspring, what might be the offspring’s blood type?
a.
AB or O
c.
A, B, AB, or O
b.
A, B, or O
d.
AB only
 

 35. 

Sickle cell disease is caused by a
a.
change in one DNA base.
b.
change in the size of a chromosome.
c.
change in two genes.
d.
change in the number of chromosomes in a cell.
 

 36. 

Compared with normal hemoglobin, the hemoglobin of a person with sickle cell disease
a.
is longer.
b.
is shorter.
c.
has a different sequence of amino acids.
d.
is wider.
 

 37. 

The sequencing of human chromosomes 21 and 22 showed that
a.
some regions of chromosomes do not code for proteins.
b.
all of the DNA of chromosomes codes for proteins.
c.
different chromosomes have the same number of genes.
d.
different chromosomes contain the same number of DNA bases.
 

 38. 

Because the X chromosome contains genes that are vital for normal development, no baby has been born
a.
with one X chromosome.
c.
without an X chromosome.
b.
with three X chromosomes.
d.
with four X chromosomes.
 

 39. 

Scientists test for alleles that cause human genetic disorders by
a.
making karyotypes.
b.
making DNA fingerprints.
c.
detecting the DNA sequences found in those alleles.
d.
making pedigrees.
 

 40. 

The process of DNA fingerprinting is based on the fact that
a.
the most important genes are different among most people.
b.
no two people, except identical twins, have exactly the same DNA.
c.
most genes are dominant.
d.
most people have DNA that contains repeats.
 

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
 

 41. 

As a cell’s size increases, it places more demands on its DNA. _________________________

 

 42. 

Typically, the longest phase of mitosis is metaphase. _________________________

 

 43. 

A trait is a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another. _________________________

 

 44. 

During the formation of gametes in a hybrid tall plant, the tall allele and the short allele stay together. _________________________

 

 45. 

If the alleles for a trait did not segregate during gamete formation, offspring would always show the trait of at least one of the parents. _________________________

 

 46. 

The principles of probability can explain the numerical results of Mendel’s experiments. _________________________

 

 47. 

The probability that a gamete produced by a pea plant heterozygous for stem height (Tt) will contain the recessive allele is 100%. _________________________

 

 48. 

If two speckled chickens are mated, according to the principle of codominance, 25% of the offspring are expected to be speckled. _________________________

 

 49. 

If an organism has 16 chromosomes in each of its egg cells, the organism’s diploid number is 32. _________________________

 

 50. 

DNA is tightly wrapped around nucleosomes. _________________________

 

 51. 

In eukaryotes, DNA replication proceeds in one direction along the DNA molecule. _________________________

 

 52. 

The three types of RNA are messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA. _________________________

 

 53. 

DNA codes for the DNA polymerase enzyme. _________________________

 

 54. 

In prokaryotes, an operon is a group of genes that are operated together. _________________________

 

 55. 

Exposing a population of plants to radiation or certain chemicals can increase the frequency of mutations that occur within the population. _________________________

 

 56. 

To transform a plant, scientists inject protein into a plant cell. _________________________

 

 57. 

Some transgenic animals grow faster because they have extra copies of growth hormone genes. _________________________

 

 58. 

To produce a cloned sheep, Ian Wilmut removed the nucleus from a sheep’s body cell and injected the cell with a nucleus taken from a body cell of another adult sheep. _________________________

 

 59. 

In a human karyotype, 44 of the chromosomes are autosomes. _________________________

 

 60. 

A person who has Down syndrome has two copies of chromosome 21. _________________________

 



 
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