Matching (Value 30)
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | oxidation number | c. | oxidizing agent | b. | half-reaction | d. | reducing agent |
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1.
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substance that accepts electrons
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2.
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substance that donates electrons
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3.
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integer related to the number of electrons under an atom's control
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4.
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reaction showing either the reduction or the oxidation reaction
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Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. | anode | d. | half-cell | b. | battery | e. | cathode | c. | fuel
cell |
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5.
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the electrode at which oxidation occurs
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6.
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one part of a voltaic cell in which either oxidation or reduction
occurs
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7.
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the electrode at which reduction occurs
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8.
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a group of cells that are connected together
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9.
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a voltaic cell in which a fuel substance undergoes oxidation and from which
electrical energy is obtained continuously
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | peptide | e. | disaccharide | b. | monosaccharide | f. | polysaccharide | c. | protein | g. | amino acid | d. | nucleotides | h. | nucleic acid |
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10.
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a simple carbohydrate molecule
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11.
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polymers produced by the linkage of monosaccharide monomers
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12.
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a sugar that forms from two monosaccharides
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13.
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any compound that contains an amino group and a carboxyl group in the same
molecule
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14.
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a peptide with more than 100 amino acids
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15.
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any combination of amino acids in which the amino group of one acid is united
with the carboxyl group of another through an amide bond
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16.
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nitrogen-containing polymers found primarily in cell nuclei
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17.
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monomers that make up DNA and RNA
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | positron | d. | transuranium element | b. | alpha particle | e. | gamma radiation | c. | beta
particle | f. | transmutation |
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18.
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element with atomic number greater than 92
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19.
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emitted helium nucleus
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20.
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energetic electron from decomposed neutron
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21.
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high-energy photons emitted by a radioisotope
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22.
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particle of charge +1 and mass equal to that of an electron
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23.
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conversion of an atom of one element to an atom of another element
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | fission | e. | scintillation counter | b. | fusion | f. | neutron absorption | c. | Geiger counter | g. | neutron moderation | d. | radioisotope |
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24.
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element with unstable nucleus
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25.
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combination of two nuclei to form a nucleus of greater mass
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26.
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process that decreases the number of slow-moving neutrons
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27.
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splitting of nucleus into smaller fragments
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28.
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process that slows down neutrons so a reactor fuel can capture them to continue
a chain reaction
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29.
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radiation detector that makes use of a phosphor-coated surface
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30.
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radiation detector that makes use of a gas-filled metal tube
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Multiple Choice (Value 76) Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers
the question.
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31.
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Oxidation is ____.
a. | a loss of oxygen | c. | a loss of electrons | b. | a gain of electrons | d. | a gain of
hydrogen |
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32.
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What are transferred in an oxidation-reduction reaction?
a. | protons | c. | electrons | b. | ions | d. | atoms |
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33.
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In the reaction of sodium with oxygen, which atom is reduced?
a. | sodium | c. | both a and b | b. | oxygen | d. | neither a nor b |
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34.
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In the reaction of calcium with chlorine, which atom is oxidized?
a. | calcium | c. | both a and b | b. | chlorine | d. | neither a nor b |
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35.
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In the reaction of hydrogen with iodine, which atom is oxidized?
a. | hydrogen | c. | both a and b | b. | iodine | d. | neither a nor b |
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36.
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What is the reducing agent in the following reaction? 2Na + 2H O ® 2NaOH + H
a. | Na | c. | NaOH | b. | HO | d. | H |
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37.
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What is the oxidizing agent in the following reaction? I +
MnO I + MnO
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38.
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The oxidation number of sulfur in each of the following is +6 EXCEPT for
____.
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39.
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In which of the following compounds is the oxidation number of nitrogen
different from the other three?
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40.
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Identify the atom that increases in oxidation number in the following redox
reaction. 2MnO + 2K CO + O 2KMnO + 2CO
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41.
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Which atom has a change in oxidation number of –3 in the following redox
reaction? K Cr O + H O + S
KOH + Cr O +
SO
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42.
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In the following unbalanced reaction, which atom is reduced? H O +
Cl + SO HCl + H SO
a. | hydrogen | c. | chlorine | b. | oxygen | d. | sulfur |
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43.
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In the following unbalanced reaction, which atom is oxidized? HNO + HBr NO + Br + H O
a. | hydrogen | c. | oxygen | b. | nitrogen | d. | bromine |
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44.
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Which element decreases its oxidation number in the following
reaction? BiCl + Na SO 2NaCl + BiSO
a. | bismuth | b. | chlorine | c. | oxygen | d. | No element decreases its oxidation
number. |
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45.
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Which element decreases its oxidation number in the following reaction? I + 2KCl 2KI + Cl
a. | iodine | b. | potassium | c. | chlorine | d. | No element decreases its oxidation
number. |
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46.
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Which element increases its oxidation number in the following reaction? 2Na +
2H O 2NaOH + H
a. | sodium | b. | hydrogen | c. | oxygen | d. | No element increases its oxidation
number. |
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47.
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Which of the following reactions is a redox reaction?
a. | acid-base | c. | combustion | b. | double-replacement | d. | all of the
above |
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48.
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Which metal is the most easily oxidized?
a. | highly active metal | c. | slightly active metal | b. | moderately active
metal | d. | an inactive
metal |
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49.
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Of the following metals, which ions are most easily reduced?
a. | iron | c. | aluminum | b. | mercury | d. | potassium |
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50.
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Which of the following metals is oxidized by calcium ions?
a. | potassium | c. | iron | b. | zinc | d. | lead |
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51.
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Which metal ion is reduced by lead?
a. | potassium | c. | mercury | b. | calcium | d. | cadmium |
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52.
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Identify the pair of metals that lists the more easily oxidized metal on the
left.
a. | Ag, Na | c. | Ca, Al | b. | Fe, K | d. | K, Li |
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53.
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How can a redox reaction be used as a source of electrical energy?
a. | Two half-reactions must be physically separated. | b. | One half-reaction
must involve two metals. | c. | Two half-reactions must involve more than one
electron. | d. | One half-reaction must use a metal wire electrode. |
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54.
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What happens in a voltaic cell?
a. | Chemical energy is changed to electrical energy. | b. | Electrical energy is
changed to chemical energy. | c. | Electrical energy is changed to magnetic
energy. | d. | Magnetic energy is changed to electrical energy. |
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55.
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At which electrode does oxidation occur in a voltaic cell?
a. | anode only | b. | cathode only | c. | both anode and
cathode | d. | either anode or cathode, depending on the metal |
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56.
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Which electrode is labeled as positive in a voltaic cell?
a. | anode only | c. | both anode and cathode | b. | cathode
only | d. | neither anode nor
cathode |
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57.
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In a voltaic cell, from which electrode do the free electrons originate?
a. | anode only | c. | both anode and cathode | b. | cathode
only | d. | neither anode nor
cathode |
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58.
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Which of the following factors does NOT affect the voltage produced in a voltaic
cell?
a. | metal of the electrodes | c. | temperature | b. | concentrations of
ions | d. | pressure |
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59.
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What is the electrode in the center of the most common dry cell made of?
a. | copper | c. | iron | b. | zinc | d. | graphite |
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60.
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What metal is oxidized in the most common dry cell?
a. | copper | c. | iron | b. | zinc | d. | carbon |
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61.
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What is reduced in the most common dry cell?
a. | copper | c. | manganese dioxide | b. | zinc | d. | carbon |
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62.
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Which of the following is true for a dry cell?
a. | It contains boric acid, which is a solid acid. | b. | The graphite rod
does not undergo reduction, even though it is the cathode. | c. | It can be recharged
many times. | d. | all of the above |
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63.
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Why can’t a lead storage battery be recharged indefinitely?
a. | A direct current must pass through the cells. | b. | The electrodes lose
lead sulfate. | c. | It is difficult to reverse the direction of current flow. | d. | The electrolyte is
too expensive. |
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64.
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How is a lead storage battery recharged?
a. | A direct current is applied to it. | b. | A magnet is held close to
it. | c. | Alternating current is forced through it. | d. | The pressure on it
is increased. |
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65.
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Which of the following is true about fuel cells?
a. | They only produce energy in short bursts. | b. | They are
inexpensive. | c. | They have never been built or used. | d. | They can be designed so that they emit no
pollutants. |
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66.
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What is the cell potential?
a. | the difference in reduction potentials of the half-cells | b. | the difference in
oxidation potentials of the half-cells | c. | the sum of reduction potentials of the
half-cells | d. | the sum of oxidation potentials of the half-cells |
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67.
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What standard reduction electrode has a half-cell potential of 0.00 V?
a. | oxygen | c. | lithium | b. | hydrogen | d. | fluorine |
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68.
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What symbol is used to show the standard reduction potential of an oxidation
reaction in a half-cell?
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69.
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In which direction will the following reaction go if the standard reduction
potentials are 0.80 V for Ag/Ag and –0.44 V for Fe/Fe ?
Ag + Fe Ag + Fe
a. | forward | c. | No such reaction can occur. | b. | reverse | d. | Not
enough information is given. |
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70.
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The two products of photosynthesis are ____.
a. | heat and oxygen | c. | glucose and oxygen | b. | heat and light | d. | carbon dioxide and
water |
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71.
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Which form of polysaccharide is found in animals?
a. | starch | c. | sucrose | b. | glycogen | d. | glucose |
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72.
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The repeating unit of cellulose is ____.
a. | glucose | c. | fructose | b. | lactose | d. | sucrose |
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73.
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Differences between amino acids are normally due to differences in which part of
the molecule?
a. | amino group | c. | central carbon | b. | carboxyl group | d. | side chain |
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74.
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A peptide bond is a bond between which functional groups?
a. | amino and alcohol | c. | carboxyl and alcohol | b. | amino and carboxyl | d. | carbonyl and
carbonyl |
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75.
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What is the role of an enzyme?
a. | speeds up biochemical reactions | b. | causes biochemical
reactions | c. | is a product in biochemical reactions | d. | provides extra heat for biochemical
reactions |
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76.
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In which of the following substances can a lipid NOT dissolve?
a. | water | c. | ketone | b. | alcohol | d. | carboxylic acid |
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77.
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Saponification is what type of reaction?
a. | hydrolysis | c. | hydrogenation | b. | dehydrogenation | d. | acid-base |
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78.
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An ester of a long-chain fatty acid and a long-chain alcohol is a(n)
____.
a. | fat | c. | triglyceride | b. | oil | d. | wax |
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79.
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A nucleotide contains which of the following functional groups?
a. | phosphate | c. | sulfur | b. | halogen | d. | carboxyl |
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80.
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How many termination code words are there?
a. | three | c. | twenty | b. | four | d. | thousands |
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81.
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Which of the following molecules is responsible for transmitting the energy
needed by cells?
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82.
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Which of the following terms represents the entire set of chemical reactions
carried out by an organism?
a. | anabolism | c. | metabolism | b. | catabolism | d. | omnibolism |
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83.
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An unstable nucleus ____.
a. | increases its nuclear mass by fission | c. | emits energy when it
decays | b. | increases its half-life | d. | expels all of its protons |
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84.
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What is the change in atomic mass when an atom emits gamma radiation?
a. | decreases by 2 | c. | remains the same | b. | decreases by 1 | d. | increases by 1 |
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85.
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Ionizing radiation that consists of helium nuclei is ____.
a. | X radiation | c. | beta radiation | b. | gamma radiation | d. | alpha radiation |
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86.
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What is the change in the atomic number when an atom emits an alpha
particle?
a. | decreases by 2 | c. | increases by 1 | b. | decreases by 1 | d. | increases by 2 |
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87.
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What is the change in atomic number when an atom emits a beta particle?
a. | decreases by 2 | c. | increases by 2 | b. | decreases by 1 | d. | increases by 1 |
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88.
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What particle decomposes to produce the electron of beta radiation?
a. | proton | c. | electron | b. | neutron | d. | positron |
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89.
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Which of the following materials is necessary to stop a beta particle?
a. | three feet of concrete | c. | thin pieces of wood | b. | three inches of lead | d. | single sheet of
paper |
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90.
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Which of the following materials is most effective for stopping gamma
radiation?
a. | several cm of lead | c. | single sheet of aluminum foil | b. | one cm of
water | d. | single sheet of
paper |
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91.
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What does the band of stability for atomic nuclei refer to?
a. | the ratio of protons to neutrons | b. | the ratio of neutrons to
protons | c. | the ratio of beta particles to neutrinos | d. | the ratio of alpha
particles to beta particles |
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92.
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If an isotope decays by the process of beta emission, ____.
a. | the mass number changes | b. | the atomic number changes | c. | protons are given
off | d. | the number of neutrons remains the same |
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93.
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What particle is needed to complete the following equation? N + ____
C + H
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94.
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To what element does polonium-208 (atomic number 84) decay when it emits an
alpha particle?
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95.
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A transmutation reaction must always involve a(n) ____.
a. | change in the number of electrons in the atom | b. | decrease in the
number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom | c. | increase in the number of neutrons in the
nucleus of an atom | d. | change in the number of protons in a nucleus of
an atom |
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96.
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The production of carbon-14 ____.
a. | takes place in the upper atmosphere | b. | is mostly due to fallout from nuclear
explosions | c. | occurs to a large extent in nuclear reactors | d. | is caused by
photosynthesis in plants |
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97.
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Controlled nuclear chain reactions ____.
a. | take place in nuclear reactors | b. | are always fusion reactions | c. | never produce
radioactive by-products | d. | are characteristic of atomic
bombs |
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98.
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Which type of coolant(s) usually is (are) used to remove heat from a nuclear
reactor core?
a. | water only | c. | liquid sodium or water | b. | liquid sodium
only | d. | CFCs |
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99.
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A reaction that results in the combining of smaller atomic nuclei is
____.
a. | chemical | c. | fusion | b. | fission | d. | ionization |
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100.
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What does neutron absorption accomplish in a nuclear reactor?
a. | It slows down the reaction. | b. | It speeds up the reaction. | c. | It increases the
rate of heat absorption. | d. | It recycles the
fuel. |
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101.
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Control rods made of ____.
a. | carbon | c. | plutonium | b. | liquid sodium | d. | cadmium |
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102.
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Which of the following statements is correct?
a. | Water is used to moderate (slow down) neutrons in a nuclear
reactor. | b. | Carbon control rods are used to absorb neutrons in a nuclear fission
reaction. | c. | A very high temperature is required to initiate a nuclear fission
reaction. | d. | The energy released from the sun is the result of a nuclear fission
reaction. |
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103.
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What type of radiation is best detected by a scintillation counter?
a. | alpha radiation only | c. | alpha and beta radiation only | b. | gamma radiation
only | d. | all types of
radiation |
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104.
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What instrument is used routinely to check a person's exposure to
radiation?
a. | Geiger counter | c. | film badge | b. | scintillation counter | d. | moderating rod |
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105.
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What is the main detector of a Geiger counter?
a. | ionizable gas in a metal tube | c. | plates of ionizable
plastic | b. | phosphor-covered surface | d. | potassium metal surface |
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106.
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Radioisotopes taken internally for medical reasons ____.
a. | must be eliminated from the body slowly | b. | should be
fissionable isotopes | c. | are usually deposited in fat
tissue | d. | should have a short half-life |
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