True/False
Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
|
|
|
1.
|
Tycho Brahe was a Danish astronomer who confirmed Copernicus’s theories by
making many observations with his telescope.
|
|
|
2.
|
The point of distinction between a long-period comet and a short-period comet is
100 years.
|
|
|
3.
|
Cavendish used the attraction between large and small lead balls to measure an
experimental value for the gravitational constant, G.
|
|
|
4.
|
The value found for the universal gravitational constant, G, will vary depending
on the materials used for the balls of a Cavendish balance.
|
|
|
5.
|
The mass of a black hole can be determined by the gravitational field that it
generates.
|
Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
|
|
|
6.
|
Johannes Kepler started his astronomy career as an assistant to _____.
a. | Nicolaus Copernicus | c. | Galileo Galilei | b. | Tycho Brahe | d. | Ptolemy |
|
|
|
7.
|
Which of the following is in correct chronological order?
a. | Galileo, Copernicus, Kepler, Brahe | c. | Newton, Kepler, Copernicus,
Brahe | b. | Kepler, Brahe, Copernicus, Galileo | d. | Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler,
Newton |
|
|
|
8.
|
When considering the Law of Universal Gravitation, the graph of force v.
distance is _____.
a. | linear | c. | circular | b. | parabolic | d. | none of the
above |
|
|
|
9.
|
A black hole is
a. | an object so diffuse that light leaving it is bent totally back to center of the
universe. | b. | an object so diffuse that light approaching it is blocked from
view. | c. | an object so massive that light leaving it is bent totally back to the nearest
star. | d. | an object so massive that light leaving it is bent totally back to the
object. |
|
|
|
10.
|
Which of the following is NOT a physical property that can be theoretically
measured for a black hole?
a. | diameter | c. | angular momentum | b. | mass | d. | electric charge |
|
Short Answer
|
|
|
11.
|
For any planet, if the planet were to shrink, but have a constant mass, what
would happen to the value of g on the planet’s surface?
|
|
|
12.
|
For any planet, if the planet were to expand, but have a constant mass, what
would happen to the value of g on the planet’s surface?
|
|
|
13.
|
If everything else is constant, when a satellite’s orbit moves farther
away from a planet, what happens to the speed of the satellite?
|
|
|
14.
|
If everything else is constant, when a satellite’s orbit moves farther
away from a planet, what happens to the period of the satellite?
|
Problem
|
|
|
15.
|
Venus orbits the Sun with an orbital radius of  m. Given that the mass of
the Sun is 2.0 ´ 10 30 kg, calculate the period
of Venus’s orbit.
|
|
|
16.
|
If Earth shrinks in size such that its shape and mass remain the same, but the
radius decreases to 0.21 times its original value, find the acceleration due to gravity on its
surface.
|
|
|
17.
|
Themisto is one of Jupiter’s moons and has an orbital period of 129.8
days. The radius of Themisto’s orbit is 7,391,650 km. Carpo has an orbital period
of 458.6 days. How far away from Jupiter’s center is Carpo?
|
|
|
18.
|
Mimas, Saturn's closest moon, has an orbital period of 21.6 h. The
radius of Mimas’s orbit is 185,000 km. Iapetus is also one of Saturn’s moons.
It is 3,560,000 km away from Saturn’s center. What is Iapetus’s orbital
period?
|
|
|
19.
|
The orbital period for Saturn is 10,832.327 days. The average distance
between Saturn and the Sun is 1,400,000,000 km. If G = 6.67 ´
10 -11 N  m 2/kg 2, estimate the mass of the
Sun.
|
|
|
20.
|
What is the gravitational force between two 200 mg aspirins that are 65 mm
apart?
|
|
|
21.
|
Assume that a satellite orbits Earth 230 km above its surface. Given that
the mass of Earth is 5.97 ´ 1024 kg, and the radius of
Earth is 6.38 ´ 106 m, what is the satellite’s
speed?
|
|
|
22.
|
Assume that a satellite orbits Mars 150 km above its surface. Given that
the mass of Mars is 6.4185 ´ 1023 kg, and
the radius of Mars is 3.396 ´ 106 m, what is the
satellite’s speed?
|
|
|
23.
|
Assume that a satellite orbits Mars 150 km above its surface. Given that
the mass of Mars is 6.4185 ´ 1023 kg, and
the radius of Mars is 3.396 ´ 106 m, what is the
satellite’s period?
|
|
|
24.
|
What is the gravitational field of a baseball at the baseball’s surface
that has a mass of 142 g and is 7.48 cm across?
|