Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Imported plants in Hawaii have
a. | crowded out many native species. | c. | introduced
diseases. | b. | reduced the native bird species. | d. | depleted natural
resources. |
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2.
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The Americans, Europeans, and Asians who settled in the islands of Hawaii
changed the islands by
a. | clearing vast areas for the growth of sugar cane. | b. | using large amounts
of water. | c. | introducing nonnative crop plants. | d. | all of the
above |
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3.
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Early hunters and gatherers in North America may have been responsible
for
a. | natural plant and animal populations. | b. | a major extinction event of large
animals. | c. | producing new varieties of crops. | d. | inventing technology such as manufactured
tools. |
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4.
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Which has become the most important source of environmental change on
Earth?
a. | climate | c. | human activity | b. | energy | d. | conservation
biology |
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5.
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Land is a resource that provides
a. | space for cities and suburbs. | c. | soil for growing
crops. | b. | raw materials for industry. | d. | all of the above |
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6.
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An old-growth forest is
a. | a renewable resource. | c. | a microclimate. | b. | a nonrenewable resource. | d. | poor in
biodiversity. |
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7.
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A resource, such as air or parts of the oceans, that is open to anyone is often
preserved and protected by
a. | international organizations. | c. | the country in which it is
located. | b. | everyone. | d. | no one. |
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8.
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Why are fossil fuels nonrenewable?
a. | They require hundreds of millions of years to form. | b. | Their ecosystems
change forever when they are burned. | c. | They are converted to carbon dioxide when they
are burned. | d. | They exist in a very small supply. |
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9.
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Using renewable resources while ensuring that they are not depleted is a
practice called
a. | sustainable development. | c. | biological
magnification. | b. | monoculture. | d. | subsistence hunting. |
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10.
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An example of a sustainable-development practice is the use of beneficial
insects like ladybugs to
a. | harm natural resources. | c. | control unwanted
pests. | b. | pollinate plants. | d. | eat unwanted plants. |
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11.
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What concept should be practiced to live interdependently with nature’s
systems?
a. | aquaculture | c. | subsistence hunting | b. | recycling | d. | sustainable
development |
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12.
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The sulfur and nitrogen compounds in smog combine with water to form
a. | ozone. | c. | acid rain. | b. | ammonia. | d. | chlorofluorocarbons. |
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13.
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Of the following events, the last to occur when toxic chemicals are discarded
into a stream is that the chemicals
a. | pose a threat to human health. | c. | are carried into a
lake. | b. | enter the food chain. | d. | harm aquatic plants and animals. |
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14.
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When erosion and other factors cause soil to lose its ability to hold water and
other nutrients and to support plant life, it is called
a. | desertification. | c. | deforestation. | b. | depletion. | d. | monoculture. |
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15.
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Which of the following is NOT considered a sustainable-development strategy for
management of Earth’s resources?
a. | contour plowing | c. | aquaculture | b. | desertification | d. | drip irrigation |
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16.
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The wearing away of surface soil by water and wind is known as
a. | deforestation. | c. | overgrazing. | b. | desertification. | d. | soil erosion. |
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17.
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Which is a way to limit deforestation?
a. | use more wood products | c. | increase carbon dioxide levels | b. | plant and harvest
trees on tree farms | d. | fertilize the soil |
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18.
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The number of different species in the biosphere is called
a. | biodiversity. | c. | genetic diversity. | b. | ecosystem diversity. | d. | species
diversity. |
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19.
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Biodiversity is important to human society because it
a. | is a natural resource. | c. | provides medicines. | b. | provides food and goods. | d. | all of the
above |
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20.
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How are species diversity and genetic diversity different?
a. | Species diversity is counted only in ecosystems, while genetic diversity is counted
through the entire biosphere. | b. | Species diversity measures the number of
species in the biosphere, while genetic diversity measures the variety of genes in the biosphere,
including genetic variation within species. | c. | Species diversity measures the number of
individuals of a species, while genetic diversity measures the total variety of
species. | d. | Conservation biology is concerned with species diversity, but not with genetic
diversity. |
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21.
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Biodiversity is valuable in the biosphere because it
a. | gives us interesting things to look at. | b. | tells us about many
other species. | c. | is the biological life-support system of our planet. | d. | provides humans with
resistance to disease. |
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22.
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What is meant by “a library of genetic information” in reference to
biodiversity?
a. | The biodiversity of plants and animals is interesting to read
about. | b. | All living organisms contain genetic information upon which humans can draw for
future use. | c. | Species provide humans with many useful products to enhance our
lives. | d. | We have much to admire in the many forms of life that surround
us. |
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23.
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Human well-being is tied to biodiversity because
a. | humans love to look at beautiful things. | b. | humans are part of
the food webs and energy cycles that a great variety of organisms share. | c. | less biodiversity
makes humans vulnerable to extinction. | d. | humans need a wide variety of animal species
for hunting and wildlife products. |
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24.
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An endangered species is
a. | a diseased animal. | b. | a dangerous predator. | c. | a group of organisms
in danger of extinction. | d. | all organisms at the top of a food
chain. |
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25.
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DDT was used to
a. | fertilize soil. | c. | form ozone. | b. | kill insects. | d. | feed animals. |
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26.
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One property that makes DDT hazardous over the long run is that DDT is
a. | an insecticide. | c. | nonbiodegradable. | b. | a perfect pesticide. | d. | deadly to
herbivores. |
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27.
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All of the following are threats to biodiversity EXCEPT
a. | biological magnification of toxic compounds. | b. | habitat
fragmentation. | c. | invasive species. | d. | species
preservation. |
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28.
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One of the greatest threats today to biological diversity is
a. | old-growth forests. | c. | habitat destruction. | b. | ozone depletion. | d. | monoculture. |
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29.
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As DDT moves up the trophic levels in food chains, or food webs, its
concentration
a. | stays the same. | c. | decreases. | b. | increases. | d. | is eliminated. |
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30.
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A major factor that negatively affects biodiversity is
a. | biological magnification. | c. | the green
revolution. | b. | habitat fragmentation. | d. | nonrenewable energy. |
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31.
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One of the goals of conservation biology is to
a. | enforce environmental laws. | c. | manage natural
resources. | b. | protect habitats. | d. | all of the above |
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32.
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An ecological “hot spot” is an area where
a. | habitats and species are healthy. | b. | hunting is encouraged. | c. | diverse habitats and
species are at high risk of extinction. | d. | species diversity is too
high. |
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33.
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Protecting ecosystem diversity is a goal of
a. | the green revolution. | c. | the captive breeding program. | b. | conservation
biology. | d. | the United
Nations. |
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34.
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The “hot spot” strategy seeks to protect species in danger of
extinction due to
a. | captive breeding programs. | c. | human activity. | b. | expanding national
parks. | d. | all of the
above |
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35.
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Protecting an entire ecosystem will ensure that
a. | captive breeding programs will succeed. | b. | existing parks and
reserves will expand. | c. | governments will set aside
land. | d. | natural habitats and the interactions of many different species will be
preserved. |
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36.
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Overexposure to UV radiation can
a. | cause cancer. | b. | decrease organisms’ resistance to
disease. | c. | damage eyes. | d. | all of the
above |
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37.
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An increase in Earth’s average temperature from the buildup of carbon
dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere is called
a. | the greenhouse effect. | c. | global warming. | b. | ozone depletion. | d. | particulate
dispersal. |
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38.
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Some scientists think that global warming may be
a. | a natural variation in climate. | c. | melting the polar ice
caps. | b. | a result of human activities. | d. | all of the
above |
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39.
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The major cause of ozone depletion is
a. | nitric acid. | c. | chlorofluorocarbons. | b. | sulfuric acid. | d. | ultraviolet
light. |
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40.
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Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere by all of the following EXCEPT
the
a. | burning of fossil fuels. | c. | burning of trees and
forests. | b. | depletion of the ozone layer. | d. | burning of
gasoline |
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