Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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A car is to gasoline as your body is to
a. | your stomach. | c. | food. | b. | your kidneys. | d. | enzymes. |
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2.
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About how many kilocalories does the average teenager need per day?
a. | 100 to 200 | c. | 2200 to 2800 | b. | 500 to 600 | d. | 10,000 |
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3.
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Substances that are needed by the body for growth, repair, and maintenance are
called
a. | enzymes. | c. | ATP. | b. | nutrients. | d. | Calories. |
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4.
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The American Heart Association recommends a diet with a maximum of
a. | 40 percent of Calories from fat, of which only 20 percent should be from unsaturated
fats. | b. | 30 percent of Calories from unsaturated fat, in addition to 10 percent from saturated
fats. | c. | 50 percent of Calories from saturated fats. | d. | 30 percent of
Calories from fat, of which only 10 percent should be from saturated
fats. |
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5.
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The raw materials that the body needs for growth and repair come from
a. | proteins. | c. | carbohydrates. | b. | unsaturated fats. | d. | water. |
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6.
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Proteins are polymers of
a. | lipids. | c. | amino acids. | b. | unsaturated fats. | d. | vitamins. |
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7.
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When a doctor suggests following a diet low in saturated fats, which of the
following forms of oil is a preferred choice to use in cooking?
a. | oils with single bonds between their carbon atoms | b. | vegetable
oil | c. | animal fats | d. | butter |
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8.
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What is the minimum amount of water you should drink every day?
a. | 0.5 liter | c. | 2 liters | b. | 1 liter | d. | 3 liters |
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9.
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Which of the following fluids is made up mostly of water?
a. | blood | c. | other body fluids | b. | lymph | d. | all of the
above |
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10.
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The Food Guide Pyramid advises a person to eat more
a. | meat than dairy products. | c. | dairy products than
vegetables. | b. | grains than meat. | d. | dairy products than grains. |
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11.
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The trend of the Food Guide Pyramid is that the majority of the food in your
diet should be from
a. | the group(s) at the top. | b. | the group(s) at the bottom. | c. | the group(s) in the
middle. | d. | all of the groups in the same proportion. |
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12.
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Which of the following would NOT be found in the stomach?
a. | mucus | c. | villi | b. | pepsin | d. | hydrochloric
acid |
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13.
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What enzyme found in saliva breaks chemical bonds between the sugar monomers in
starches?
a. | amylase | c. | pepsin | b. | chyme | d. | hydrochloric
acid |
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14.
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Where does the process of chemical digestion begin?
a. | stomach | c. | small intestine | b. | esophagus | d. | mouth |
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15.
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The stomach breaks down food into a soft, partially digested mixture
called
a. | pepsin. | c. | amylase. | b. | chyme. | d. | bile. |
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Figure
38–1
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16.
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Look at Figure 38–1. Clean, filtered blood is returned to circulation
through the
a. | renal artery. | c. | urinary bladder. | b. | renal vein. | d. | urethra. |
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17.
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In what structure in Figure 38–1 do filtration and reabsorption
occur?
a. | kidney | c. | urinary bladder | b. | renal vein | d. | ureter |
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18.
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The function of the excretory system is to control homeostasis and
a. | break down nutrients. | c. | absorb nutrients. | b. | remove wastes. | d. | prevent
infection. |
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19.
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The main organs of the excretory system are the
a. | kidneys. | c. | intestines. | b. | lungs. | d. | ureters. |
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20.
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Which of the following is NOT part of a nephron?
a. | urethra | c. | glomerulus | b. | renal vein | d. | Bowman’s
capsule |
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21.
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The activity of the kidneys is controlled by hormones and by the
a. | volume of nutrients. | c. | composition of the blood. | b. | volume of
filtrate. | d. | composition of
the urine. |
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22.
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When the kidneys detect an increase in salt, they respond by
a. | excreting less salt in urine. | b. | returning more salt to the blood by
filtration. | c. | returning more salt to the blood by reabsorption. | d. | returning less salt
to the blood by reabsorption. |
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23.
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Which of the following controls the activity of the kidneys?
a. | the composition of the blood | b. | regulatory hormones that are released in
response to the composition of blood | c. | both a and b | d. | none of the
above |
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24.
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What percentage of the filtrate’s water that enters Bowman’s capsule
is reabsorbed into the blood?
a. | 100 percent | c. | 50 percent | b. | 99 percent | d. | less than 25
percent |
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25.
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In the kidneys, both useful substances and wastes are removed from the blood
by
a. | reabsorption. | c. | dialysis. | b. | excretion. | d. | filtration. |
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Modified True/False
Indicate
whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the
statement true.
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26.
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In a label displaying the “Calorie” content of food, the unit is
actually the kilocalorie. _________________________
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27.
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Simple and complex carbohydrates are the main source of energy for the
body. _________________________
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28.
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Every cell in the human body needs protein because this is the material
in which many of the body’s processes, including chemical reactions, take place.
_________________________
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29.
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Following the Food Guide Pyramid, you should have 6–11 servings of
the bread, cereal, rice, and pasta group every day. _________________________
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30.
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The Food Guide Pyramid classifies food into five groups.
_________________________
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31.
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Digestive enzymes found in the small intestine break down undigested
fats. _________________________
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32.
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Gravity allows food to travel through your esophagus into the stomach.
_________________________
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33.
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If too little water is absorbed from the large intestine, constipation
results. _________________________
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34.
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Together, the skin, lungs, and kidneys—along with their associated
organs—make up the excretory system. _________________________
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35.
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Excretion helps to maintain the body’s homeostasis.
_________________________
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Completion
Complete each
statement.
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36.
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The science of ____________________ is the study of food and its effects on the
body.
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37.
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Vitamins that are ____________________-soluble cannot be stored within the
body.
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38.
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Contractions known as ____________________ squeeze food through the length of
the esophagus into the stomach.
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39.
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The pancreas produces _________________________, a base that neutralizes stomach
acid so that the enzymes can be effective.
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40.
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If a part of the stomach wall digests itself, a(an) ____________________
develops.
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41.
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Gastric glands produce mucus, hydrochloric acid, and the enzyme
____________________.
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42.
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The functioning units of the kidneys are the ____________________.
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43.
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The kidneys play an important role in maintaining ____________________ in the
body.
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44.
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To a large extent, the activity of kidneys is controlled by the composition of
____________________.
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45.
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An artificial heart is to a real heart as dialysis tubing is to
____________________.
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Short Answer
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46.
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Name two functions of fat.
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47.
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Why is it important to eat foods that contain water-soluble vitamins every
day?
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48.
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What is the Food Guide Pyramid?
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49.
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How does your stomach enable you to eat a few large meals each day?
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Figure
38–1
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50.
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What is the function of the ureter?
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