Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which of the following is NOT a part of the circulatory system?
a. | heart | c. | blood vessels | b. | air passageway | d. | blood |
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2.
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The roads of a city are similar to what structures in the circulatory
system?
a. | heart | c. | blood vessels | b. | air passageway | d. | blood |
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3.
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In the walls of the heart, the thick layer of muscle is called the
a. | epithelial tissue layer. | c. | connective tissue
layer. | b. | pericardium. | d. | myocardium. |
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4.
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Which of the following are the smallest of the blood vessels?
a. | arteries | c. | lymphatic cells | b. | veins | d. | capillaries |
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5.
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Which of the following is NOT a type of blood vessel?
a. | artery | c. | lymphatic cell | b. | vein | d. | capillary |
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6.
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The function of valves in the human circulatory system is to
a. | stimulate the heartbeat. | c. | prevent the backward flow of
blood. | b. | accelerate the flow of blood. | d. | serve as a cushion to prevent
friction. |
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7.
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Which of the following is true about blood pressure?
a. | It is not affected by atherosclerosis. | b. | It is lower in veins than in
arteries. | c. | It drops a great deal when traveling through arteries. | d. | Diastolic pressure
is higher than systolic pressure. |
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8.
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A blood pressure reading of 120/80
a. | indicates a diastolic blood prssure of 120. | b. | is an indication of
hypertension in a resting adult. | c. | indicates a systolic blood pressure of
120. | d. | is determined by using a sphygmomanometer to measure blood pressure in the
veins. |
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9.
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When the heart contracts, it produces a wave of fluid pressure in the
a. | veins. | c. | capillaries. | b. | arteries. | d. | pharynx. |
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10.
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When the blood pressure is constantly too high, the condition is
known as
a. | a heart attack. | c. | atherosclerosis. | b. | hypertension. | d. | a stroke. |
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11.
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When an infection occurs, the number of
a. | red blood cells increases. | c. | white blood cells
increases. | b. | red blood cells decreases. | d. | white blood cells decreases. |
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12.
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Which blood cells are most numerous in the body?
a. | red | c. | platelets | b. | white | d. | plasma |
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13.
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Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?
a. | regulate filtration | c. | transport nutrients | b. | regulate body temperature | d. | fight infection |
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14.
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How much blood does the human body contain?
a. | 1–2 liters | c. | 8–10 liters | b. | 4–6 liters | d. | 12–14
liters |
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15.
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Which plasma proteins help to regulate osmotic pressure and blood volume?
a. | albumins | c. | fibrinogens | b. | globulins | d. | platelets |
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Figure
37–1
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16.
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In Figure 37–1, what does Step B show?
a. | a clot forming | c. | the clumping of platelets | b. | the capillary wall
breaking | d. | the conversion of
fibrinogen into fibrin |
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17.
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Swollen lymph nodes might indicate
a. | an infection. | c. | varicose veins. | b. | high blood pressure. | d. | an irregular
heartbeat. |
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18.
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Which body system collects the fluid that is lost by the blood and returns it to
the circulatory system?
a. | integumentary | c. | respiratory | b. | lymphatic | d. | nervous |
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19.
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?
a. | collect and return lost fluid to the circulatory system | b. | filter
fluid | c. | absorb protein | d. | carry fat-soluble vitamins to the
blood |
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20.
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The process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between cells, the
blood, and air in the lungs is called
a. | systemic circulation. | c. | emphysema. | b. | respiration. | d. | cellular
respiration. |
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21.
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Which of the following statements about lungs is INCORRECT?
a. | They are muscular. | c. | They are surrounded by pleura. | b. | They are
elastic. | d. | They are above the
diaphragm. |
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22.
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What structure serves as a passageway for both air and food?
a. | pharynx | c. | larynx | b. | trachea | d. | bronchus |
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23.
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Air is filtered, warmed, and moistened in the
a. | nose and mouth. | c. | lungs. | b. | throat. | d. | pharynx. |
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24.
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Air is forced into the lungs by the contraction of the
a. | alveoli. | c. | diaphragm. | b. | bronchioles. | d. | heart. |
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25.
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Because there is more oxygen in an alveolus than in the blood around it, oxygen
diffuses
a. | from capillaries into the veins. | c. | from alveoli into the
blood. | b. | from arteries into the capillaries. | d. | from blood into the
alveolus. |
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Modified True/False
Indicate
whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the
statement true.
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26.
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Flaps of connective tissue called valves are located between the atria
and the ventricles. _________________________
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27.
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The lower chamber of each side of the heart, which pumps blood out of the heart,
is the atrium. _________________________
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28.
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Except for the aorta, all arteries carry oxygen-rich blood.
______________________________
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29.
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The first number of a blood pressure measurement is the diastolic
pressure. _________________________
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30.
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White blood cells called basophils engulf and digest
bacteria._________________________
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31.
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Lymph nodes act as filters, trapping bacteria and other microorganisms
that cause disease. _________________________
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32.
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The process by which oxygen and carbon monoxide are exchanged between
cells, the blood, and air in the lungs is known as respiration. _________________________
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33.
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At the bottom of the chest cavity is a large, flat muscle known as the
pleural membrane. _________________________
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34.
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The brain controls breathing in a center located in the medulla
oblongata. _________________________
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35.
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Lung cancer is defined as a loss of elasticity in the tissues of the
lungs. _________________________
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Completion
Complete each
statement.
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36.
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A circulating fluid called ____________________ is pumped through a system of
vessels in the body.
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37.
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The phrase “swollen glands” refers to swelling of the
_________________________.
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38.
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At the cellular level, respiration is defined as the release of
____________________ from the breakdown of molecules in food in the presence of oxygen.
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39.
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Inhaled air passes from the trachea to one of the two
____________________.
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40.
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Carbon monoxide blocks the transport of ____________________ by hemoglobin in
the blood.
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Short Answer
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41.
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Why do larger organisms need a circulatory system?
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42.
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Identify and compare the functions of the three types of blood vessels of the
circulatory system.
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43.
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What is blood pressure?
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44.
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A person has a blood pressure of 150/80. What do the two numbers indicate? Does
the person have hypertension?
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45.
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What is the basic function of the human respiratory system?
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Essay
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46.
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Consider the roles of valves and blood vessel walls in moving blood through the
body. If you were given a strand of flexible tubing and a small piece of plastic, how might you
design a simple model that would simulate those roles?
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47.
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How does the body regulate blood pressure?
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48.
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What is the lymphatic system, and what are its functions?
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49.
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Compare cellular respiration with respiration.
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50.
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Why can’t a person hold a breath long enough to harm his or her body from
a lack of oxygen?
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