Multiple Choice (Value 10) Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers
the question.
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1.
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A flexible, supporting structure found only in chordates is the
a. | nerve net. | c. | pharyngeal slits. | b. | notochord. | d. | dorsal fin. |
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2.
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Convergent evolution is the process that produces
a. | species that are similar in appearance and behavior but not closely
related. | b. | unrelated species that are different in appearance and behavior. | c. | closely related
species that are similar in appearance and behavior. | d. | closely related species that are different in
appearance and behavior. |
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3.
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The sugar glider is an Australian marsupial. The eastern flying squirrel is a
North American placental mammal. Both animals are nocturnal, live in trees, and can glide through the
air using a flap of skin that stretches between the legs on each side of the body. The resemblance
between these two animals is an example of
a. | oviparous development. | c. | chordate diversity. | b. | ectothermy. | d. | convergent
evolution. |
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4.
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Compared with the number of extinct chordate species, the number of living
chordate species is
a. | much larger. | c. | the same. | b. | slightly larger. | d. | much smaller. |
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5.
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In vertebrates, each of the following is important in regulating body
temperature EXCEPT a
a. | source of heat. | c. | long digestive tract. | b. | way of conserving
heat. | d. | method of eliminating
heat. |
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6.
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The main difference between ectotherms and endotherms is
a. | the source of their body heat. | b. | how they obtain food to provide for their
metabolism. | c. | whether they control their body temperature. | d. | whether they
conserve or eliminate body heat. |
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7.
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Chordate respiratory structures include all of the following EXCEPT
a. | simple air sacs. | c. | the surface of the skin. | b. | the medulla
oblongata. | d. | the lining of
the mouth. |
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8.
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In a single-loop circulatory system, the atrium
a. | receives the blood from the body. | b. | pumps blood to the gills. | c. | pumps blood to the
lungs. | d. | pumps blood throughout the entire body. |
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9.
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The sets of bones that support the limbs of vertebrates are called
a. | opercula. | c. | ligaments. | b. | limb girdles. | d. | vertebrae. |
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10.
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Sexual reproduction occurs in
a. | fishes. | c. | mammals. | b. | amphibians. | d. | all of the
above |
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Modified True/False (Value 5) Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false,
change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
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11.
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The notochord is a supporting structure that is found only in chordates.
_________________________
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12.
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The ability of a vertebrate to regulate its body temperature is especially
important in a habitat where the temperature remains constant throughout the year.
_________________________
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13.
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A vertebrate that has a low rate of metabolism and a body that is not well
insulated is probably an endotherm. _________________________
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14.
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The only reptiles that have four-chambered hearts are snakes.
_________________________
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15.
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Internal fertilization and viviparous development are characteristics of most
mammals. _________________________
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Completion (Value 5) Complete
each statement.
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16.
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One example of ____________________ evolution is provided by penguins and seals,
both of which hunt in the ocean and have streamlined bodies and flipperlike appendages.
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17.
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In environments in which temperatures are high and fairly constant most of the
time, ____________________ is a more energy-efficient method of controlling body temperature.
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18.
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In a mammalian lung, gas exchange occurs inside bubblelike structures called
____________________.
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19.
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If an animal has a four-chambered heart, it has a(an) ____________________-loop
circulatory system.
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20.
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Aquatic amphibians and most fishes excrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of
____________________.
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Short Answer (Value 10)
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21.
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List three features that are included in the ways in which all vertebrates
control their body temperature.
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22.
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Why is it advantageous for birds to use feathers instead of body fat as a
primary means of insulation?
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23.
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Animals A and B are terrestrial vertebrates of the same size. One is an
ectotherm, and the other is an endotherm. The resting metabolic rate of animal A is five times that
of animal B. Using this information, state which animal is the ectotherm and briefly explain your
decision.
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24.
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How are the alveoli in a mammalian lung analogous to the folds in a mammalian
cerebrum?
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25.
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List two functions of vertebrate kidneys.
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Essay (Value 10)
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26.
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Describe two hypotheses concerning the evolution of endothermy in vertebrates.
What does the evidence on this issue suggest?
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27.
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Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of being an endotherm and an ectotherm
in an environment where the air temperature drops to an average of 5°C during the winter.
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28.
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Describe the major differences among the chambers of the heart in the five main
groups of vertebrates.
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29.
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In a mammalian heart, how does the total volume of blood that the right
ventricle pumps in one hour compare with the total volume that the left ventricle pumps during the
same period? Explain your reasoning.
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30.
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Describe the forms in which nitrogenous wastes are eliminated in different
groups of chordates.
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