Multiple Choice (Value 30)
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers
the question.
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1.
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Which of the following best describes the feeding habits of sponges?
a. | parasites | c. | filter feeders | b. | predators | d. | detritivores |
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2.
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An animal is each of the following EXCEPT
a. | heterotrophic. | c. | multicellular. | b. | autotrophic. | d. | eukaryotic. |
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3.
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Sponges benefit some marine animals by
a. | eating diseased corals. | c. | providing a
habitat. | b. | supplying them with oxygen. | d. | poisoning their predators. |
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4.
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The body symmetry of a cnidarian is
a. | radial in the medusa stage and bilateral in the polyp stage. | b. | bilateral in the
medusa stage and radial in the polyp stage. | c. | bilateral in both the medusa and polyp
stages. | d. | radial in both the medusa and polyp stages. |
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5.
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An animal that has distinct left and right sides shows
a. | bilateral symmetry. | c. | several planes of symmetry. | b. | segmentation. | d. | radial symmetry. |
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6.
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Only 5 percent of all animals have
a. | cell membranes. | c. | a protostome development pattern. | b. | eukaryotic
cells. | d. | vertebral
columns. |
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7.
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In a hydra, the gastroderm and the epidermis are separated by a jellylike
a. | mesoglea. | c. | medusa. | b. | body cavity. | d. | mesoderm. |
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8.
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The upper side of an organism is its
a. | posterior side. | c. | anterior side. | b. | dorsal side. | d. | ventral side. |
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9.
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In jellyfish,
a. | both polyp and medusa are diploid. | b. | the medusa is diploid and the polyp is
haploid. | c. | the medusa is haploid and the polyp is diploid | d. | both polyp and
medusa are haploid. |
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10.
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Many sponges protect themselves from predators by producing
a. | choanocytes. | c. | larvae. | b. | nematocysts. | d. | toxins. |
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11.
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Flagella are important to the essential functions within a sponge because
flagella
a. | produce toxins that make them poisonous to predators. | b. | digest food
particles trapped within the organism. | c. | protect the organism from
predators. | d. | help move water through the organism’s body. |
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12.
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Sponges reproduce sexually by a process called
a. | cephalization. | c. | budding. | b. | radial symmetry. | d. | internal
fertilization. |
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13.
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Cnidocytes help a cnidarian survive by
a. | storing food. | c. | providing movement. | b. | forming colonies. | d. | paralyzing
prey. |
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14.
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When an animal’s environment changes, sexual reproduction improves a
species’ ability to
a. | produce genetically identical offspring. | b. | react. | c. | evolve. | d. | increase its numbers
rapidly. |
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15.
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Which term is NOT associated with sponges?
a. | choanocytes | c. | spicules | b. | gemmules | d. | medusa |
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16.
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Some sponges are green because they
a. | are more like plants than animals. | b. | filter algae out of the water for
food. | c. | have photosynthetic organisms in their tissues. | d. | are primary
producers. |
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17.
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Which are the simplest animals to have body symmetry?
a. | cnidarians | c. | nematocysts | b. | algae | d. | sponges |
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18.
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Many corals can live only in bright light because they depend on
a. | parasites for oxygen. | c. | filter-feeders for protection. | b. | symbionts for
energy. | d. | detritivores for
carbon dioxide. |
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19.
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In a cnidarian, cells that sense gravity are
a. | amoebocytes. | c. | statocysts. | b. | ocelli. | d. | cnidocytes. |
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20.
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Coral reefs occur in areas where there are
a. | high levels of light. | c. | high levels of sediments. | b. | very deep
waters. | d. | very cool
waters. |
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21.
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How can an extremely diverse coral reef live in water that contains few
nutrients?
a. | Corals obtain nutrients from the runoff from land. | b. | Reef-building corals
live symbiotically with photosynthetic algae. | c. | Fishes maintain the ecological balance of coral
reefs. | d. | Corals recycle nutrients. |
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22.
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Cnidarians have two basic body types, a medusa and a(an)
a. | polyp. | c. | osculum. | b. | tentacle. | d. | larva. |
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23.
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The nerve cells of cnidarians make up a(an)
a. | nerve net. | c. | hydrostatic skeleton. | b. | brain. | d. | ocelli. |
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24.
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A blastula is a stage in the development of an embryo that consists of
a. | a folded sheet of cells. | c. | a solid ball of
cells. | b. | a flat sheet of cells. | d. | a hollow ball of cells. |
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25.
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The benefit of a sponge’s producing gemmules is that gemmules
a. | are a form of sexual reproduction. | b. | defend the sponge against
predators. | c. | allow the sponge to survive long periods of harsh conditions. | d. | help to filter food
for the sponge. |
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26.
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Coral bleaching is a serious ecological threat because it
a. | causes corals to die. | c. | pollutes the water. | b. | destroys the beauty of a coral
reef. | d. | causes corals to
overpopulate the area. |
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27.
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How do polyps differ from medusas?
a. | Medusas are carnivorous, and polyps are not. | b. | Medusas are
cylindrical and usually sessile, and polyps are bell-shaped and motile. | c. | Polyps are
cylindrical and usually sessile, and medusas are bell-shaped and motile. | d. | Polyps have a
mesoglea, and medusas do not. |
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28.
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Anemones differ from corals because they are
a. | polyps with a hard shell. | b. | medusas with a hard shell. | c. | medusas without a
hard shell. | d. | polyps without a hard shell. |
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29.
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The cross-shaped spicules of some sponges serve to
a. | focus and direct incoming sunlight. | b. | keep animals out of their central
cavities. | c. | attract symbiotic organisms. | d. | perform
photosynthesis. |
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30.
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Organisms that spend their entire adult lives attached to one spot are said to
be
a. | flagellated. | c. | heterotrophic. | b. | symmetric. | d. | sessile. |
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Modified True/False (Value 15)
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false,
change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
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31.
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In the Portuguese man-of-war, a single tentacle acts as a balloonlike
float. _________________________
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32.
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In a sponge, some functions are carried out by specialized tissues.
_________________________
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33.
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In a protostome, the blastopore becomes the mouth.
_________________________
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34.
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Cells called gemmules move water currents through a sponge.
______________________________
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35.
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Polyps are a body form of cnidarians that are motile.
_________________________
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36.
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Cnidarians have a central mouth surrounded by numerous tentacles.
_________________________
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37.
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Fertilizers and industrial pollutants can poison coral reefs.
_________________________
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38.
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A sea anemone moves its body by using a statocystic skeleton.
_________________________
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39.
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Many small aquatic animals rely on diffusion to transport oxygen,
nutrients, and waste products among their cells. _________________________
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40.
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Sponges are important in marine ecology because they provide habitats for
some marine animals. _________________________
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41.
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All the members of Kingdom Animalia are heterotrophs.
_________________________
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42.
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Choanocytes containing nematocysts are a characteristic associated only
with cnidarians. _________________________
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43.
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Worms and insects are both vertebrates. _________________________
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44.
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Sponges are motile, meaning they live their entire adult lives attached
to a single spot. _________________________
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45.
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Sponges have a light-focusing adaptation that allows them to survive in a
wide range of habitats. _________________________
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Completion (Value 9)
Complete
each statement.
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46.
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Symbionts provide as much as 60 percent of the ____________________ that
reef-building corals need.
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47.
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Photosynthetic symbiotic organisms provide many sponges with food and
____________________.
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48.
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Large animals have a(an) ____________________ system to move materials around in
their bodies.
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49.
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The class of cnidarians that includes sea anemones and corals is called
____________________.
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50.
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____________________ and archaeocytes are cells that digest food in
sponges.
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51.
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Cnidarians have a(an) ____________________ that enables them to respond to touch
by pulling their tentacles inside their bodies.
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52.
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Cnidarians have stinging tentacles around their ____________________.
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53.
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In a jellyfish, the ____________________ stage reproduces asexually.
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54.
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The life cycle of most cnidarians includes medusas and
____________________.
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Short Answer (Answer 3 of 7 questions) Value 6
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55.
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What is an advantage to having sense organs and nerve cells concentrated at the
anterior end of the body?
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56.
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What body form is typical of the scyphozoans? Describe this body form.
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57.
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How might sediments from farming affect the corals that live in coral
reefs?
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58.
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Describe how a sponge obtains food and discards waste.
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59.
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How are coral reefs formed?
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60.
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Why are sponges classified as animals?
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61.
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How are reef-building corals sensitive to increasing water temperatures?
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