Name: 
 

Ch 23, 24 & 25 Test



Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 

Ground tissue is found in a plant’s
a.
stems only.
c.
roots and stems only.
b.
stems and leaves only.
d.
roots, stems, and leaves.
 

 2. 

What type of tissue is the first tissue in a plant seedling?
a.
ground
c.
meristematic
b.
vascular
d.
dermal
 

 3. 

In angiosperms, xylem consists of tracheids and
a.
sieve tube elements.
c.
vessel elements.
b.
companion cells.
d.
parenchyma cells.
 

 4. 

If some of the xylem of a young oak tree were destroyed, it would most likely interfere with the tree’s ability to
a.
conduct sugars to the roots.
c.
absorb water from the soil.
b.
absorb sunlight.
d.
conduct water to the leaves.
 

 5. 

Unlike tracheids, vessel elements
a.
die before they conduct water.
c.
are found in angiosperms.
b.
form a continuous tube.
d.
are found in phloem.
 

 6. 

Vascular tissue in plants consists of
a.
meristem.
c.
parenchyma and collenchyma cells.
b.
xylem and phloem.
d.
epidermal cells.
 

 7. 

A carrot is a(an)
a.
taproot.
c.
monocot.
b.
fibrous root.
d.
extensive root system.
 

 8. 

Which of the following are found mainly in monocots?
a.
taproots
c.
extensive root systems
b.
long, thick primary roots
d.
small secondary roots
 

 9. 

The vascular cylinder of a root consists of
a.
xylem only.
c.
phloem and xylem.
b.
phloem only.
d.
phloem, xylem, and ground tissue.
 

 10. 

Root pressure
a.
causes a plant’s roots to absorb water.
b.
forces water in xylem downward.
c.
is produced within the cortex of the root.
d.
is produced in the vascular cylinder by active transport.
 

 11. 

One of the main functions of stems is to
a.
carry out photosynthesis.
b.
transport substances between roots and leaves.
c.
store carbohydrates.
d.
store water.
 

 12. 

The vascular tissue in a plant’s stem
a.
has buds.
b.
is continuous from the roots to the leaves.
c.
carries nutrients up the stem but not down.
d.
consists of nodes.
 

 13. 

Unlike roots, stems
a.
transport water.
c.
are protected by epidermal cells.
b.
have ground tissue.
d.
may carry out photosynthesis.
 
 
nar001-1.jpg

Figure 23–1
 

 14. 

Figure 23–1 shows cross sections of monocot and dicot
a.
roots.
c.
root hairs.
b.
leaf veins.
d.
stems.
 

 15. 

One function of stems is to physically support leaves in a position to maximize photosynthesis. In large trees, the support function of stems is primarily due to
a.
phloem.
c.
xylem.
b.
pith.
d.
cork cambium.
 

 16. 

In dicot plants, secondary growth
a.
changes primary xylem and phloem to secondary xylem and phloem.
b.
makes the roots longer.
c.
results from an increase in the primary xylem and phloem.
d.
produces bark and wood.
 

 17. 

What might a thin tree ring indicate?
a.
increased production of xylem
c.
decreased production of phloem
b.
xylem production in winter
d.
a year of drought
 

 18. 

Most of the photosynthetic activity in plants takes place in the
a.
mesophyll.
c.
stomata.
b.
guard cells.
d.
xylem.
 
 
nar002-1.jpg

Figure 23–2
 

 19. 

In Figure 23–2, the X points to a
a.
guard cell.
c.
vein.
b.
mesophyll cell.
d.
stoma.
 

 20. 

The stomata of leaves are usually open in
a.
light if a plant has enough water.
c.
darkness if a plant has enough water.
b.
light if a plant has too little water.
d.
darkness if a plant has too little water.
 

 21. 

In many plants, stomata are found only on the lower surface of the leaf.  The most likely explanation for this observation is that
a.
photosynthesis only occurs in the spongy mesophyll near the bottom of the leaf.
b.
stomata are closer to vascular bundles that bring water into the leaf.
c.
gas exchange is more efficient from the lower surface.
d.
water loss would be less on the shady lower surface than in direct sun.
 

 22. 

If a plant’s gametophyte is conspicuous, the plant is NOT a
a.
bryophyte.
c.
spore-bearing vascular plant.
b.
seed plant.
d.
nonvascular plant.
 

 23. 

In angiosperms, reproduction takes place in
a.
leaves.
c.
cones.
b.
flowers.
d.
pollen.
 

 24. 

In some flowers, the female gametophytes are produced by multiple fused
a.
carpels.
c.
anthers.
b.
petals.
d.
sepals.
 

 25. 

A sticky secretion on the scales of seed cones traps
a.
sporophytes.
c.
pollen grains.
b.
pollen cones.
d.
egg cells.
 

 26. 

The tough outer layer of a seed is called the
a.
seed coat.
c.
nut.
b.
fruit.
d.
embryo wall.
 

 27. 

A ripened ovary that contains angiosperm seeds is called a(an)
a.
embryo.
c.
fruit.
b.
seed.
d.
vegetable.
 
 
nar004-1.jpg

Figure 24–1
 

 28. 

The seed type shown in Figure 24–1 that is generally dispersed by animals is(are)
a.
only A.
c.
both A and B.
b.
only B.
d.
neither A nor B.
 

 29. 

Seeds dispersed by animals typically are contained in
a.
fleshy, nutritious fruits.
c.
thin coatings that are easily digested.
b.
unripened ovaries.
d.
lightweight structures.
 

 30. 

A period during which the embryo of a seed is alive but not growing is
a.
fruit production.
c.
germination.
b.
seed production.
d.
dormancy.
 

 31. 

The early growth stage of a plant embryo is called
a.
fertilization.
c.
germination.
b.
dormancy.
d.
pollination.
 

 32. 

In the meristem regions of plants, you would expect to find
a.
inactive cells.
c.
companion cells.
b.
dividing cells.
d.
reproductive cells.
 

 33. 

Auxins are produced in
a.
xylem.
c.
pith.
b.
phloem.
d.
apical meristem.
 

 34. 

Hormones that stimulate cell elongation and are produced in the rapidly growing region near the tip of the plant’s root or stem are called
a.
auxins.
c.
cytokinins.
b.
ethylenes.
d.
gibberellins.
 

 35. 

If the apical meristem of a mature plant is removed, the plant will most likely
a.
lose its ability to move phototropically.
b.
show a dramatic and rapid increase in height.
c.
develop apical dominance and begin to flower.
d.
lose apical dominance and grow lateral branches.
 

 36. 

The growth patterns of ivy tendrils that wrap around objects is an example of
a.
gravitropism.
c.
thigmotropism.
b.
phototropism.
d.
photoperiodism.
 

 37. 

Roots growing with gravity and stems growing against gravity are examples of
a.
gravitropism.
c.
thigmotropism.
b.
phototropism.
d.
photoperiodism.
 
 
nar005-1.jpg

Figure 25–2
 

 38. 

How is the cactus in Figure 25–2 adapted to soak up rare rainfall quickly?
a.
It has thin, sharp spines.
b.
It has stems that shrivel when it rains.
c.
It has wide stems that catch rainwater.
d.
It has an extensive shallow root system.
 

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
 

 39. 

Phloem consists of vessel elements and companion cells. _________________________

 

 40. 

Meristematic tissue produces new cells by mitosis. _________________________

 

 41. 

A decrease in the active transport of minerals into a root would not cause the root to release water into the soil. _________________________

 

 42. 

In a tree, the heartwood increases in width over time. _________________________

 

 43. 

Transpiration from leaves occurs because of the osmosis of water from the leaf to the environment. _________________________

 

 44. 

In plants, the opening and closing of stomata balance water loss with the need for carbon dioxide. _________________________

 

 45. 

Water rises to the top of a giant redwood tree by transpiration pull. _________________________

 

 46. 

In gymnosperms, gametophytes are hidden in cones. _________________________

 

 47. 

Pollen cones are also called female cones. _________________________

 

 48. 

When you look at a mature gymnosperm or angiosperm, you see the more conspicuous gametophyte. _________________________

 

 49. 

A fruit always contains one or more seeds. _________________________

 

 50. 

In seed plants, parts of the ovule toughen to form a fruit, which protects the delicate embryo and its food supply. _________________________

 

 51. 

Fruit is an adaptation that helps ensure pollination. _________________________

 

 52. 

Some seeds go through a period of dormancy, during which they do not germinate. _________________________

 

 53. 

Cells on the shaded side of a stem elongate more than cells on the side receiving light because of the hormone ethylene. _________________________

 

 54. 

Seedlings finding their way out of the soil and into the sunlight is an example of photoperiodism. _________________________

 

 55. 

The growing tip of a climbing vine exhibits phototropism when it grows in a circling motion. _________________________

 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 
 
nar003-1.jpg

Figure 23–3
 

 56. 

Figure 23–3 shows a cross section of a(an) ____________________.
 

 

 57. 

Root hairs take in water from the soil through the process of ____________________.
 

 

 58. 

As the relative concentration of mineral ions in a root’s epidermal cells increases, the relative concentration of water molecules ____________________.
 

 

 59. 

____________________ consists of the outer layers of secondary xylem in dicot stems.
 

 

 60. 

____________________ cells control the opening and closing of stomata.
 

 

 61. 

A sperm nucleus moves toward a flower’s ovary through a long passageway called a pollen ____________________.
 

 

 62. 

Any seed enclosed within its ovary wall is properly referred to as a ____________________.
 

 

 63. 

A coconut is a very large ____________________ that contains a milky endosperm layer.
 

 

 64. 

Plant responses to external stimuli are called ____________________, from a Greek word meaning “turning.”
 

 

 65. 

As cold weather approaches, ____________________ plants turn off photosynthetic pathways.
 

 

Short Answer
 

 66. 

How is the function of a tree trunk related to photosynthesis?
 

 67. 

Contrast the flow of materials in xylem and phloem.
 

 68. 

Contrast the growth of fibrous roots and taproots in soil.
 

 69. 

Which roots are more effective in reducing erosion, fibrous roots or taproots? Explain your answer.
 

 70. 

What do roots absorb from the soil?
 

 71. 

By what three processes does water rise from the roots to the top of a tree?
 

 72. 

What is the typical method of pollen dispersal for gymnosperms? For angiosperms?
 

 73. 

How can you tell by looking at a fruit how the seeds it contains are dispersed?
 

 74. 

Name two environmental factors that can end a seed’s dormancy.
 



 
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