Multiple Choice Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Ground tissue is found in a plant’s
a. | stems only. | c. | roots and stems only. | b. | stems and leaves
only. | d. | roots, stems, and
leaves. |
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2.
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What type of tissue is the first tissue in a plant seedling?
a. | ground | c. | meristematic | b. | vascular | d. | dermal |
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3.
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In angiosperms, xylem consists of tracheids and
a. | sieve tube elements. | c. | vessel elements. | b. | companion cells. | d. | parenchyma
cells. |
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4.
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If some of the xylem of a young oak tree were destroyed, it would most likely
interfere with the tree’s ability to
a. | conduct sugars to the roots. | c. | absorb water from the
soil. | b. | absorb sunlight. | d. | conduct water to the leaves. |
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5.
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Unlike tracheids, vessel elements
a. | die before they conduct water. | c. | are found in
angiosperms. | b. | form a continuous tube. | d. | are found in phloem. |
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6.
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Vascular tissue in plants consists of
a. | meristem. | c. | parenchyma and collenchyma cells. | b. | xylem and
phloem. | d. | epidermal
cells. |
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7.
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A carrot is a(an)
a. | taproot. | c. | monocot. | b. | fibrous root. | d. | extensive root
system. |
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8.
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Which of the following are found mainly in monocots?
a. | taproots | c. | extensive root systems | b. | long, thick primary
roots | d. | small secondary
roots |
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9.
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The vascular cylinder of a root consists of
a. | xylem only. | c. | phloem and xylem. | b. | phloem only. | d. | phloem, xylem, and ground
tissue. |
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10.
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Root pressure
a. | causes a plant’s roots to absorb water. | b. | forces water in
xylem downward. | c. | is produced within the cortex of the root. | d. | is produced in the
vascular cylinder by active transport. |
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11.
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One of the main functions of stems is to
a. | carry out photosynthesis. | b. | transport substances between roots and
leaves. | c. | store carbohydrates. | d. | store water. |
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12.
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The vascular tissue in a plant’s stem
a. | has buds. | b. | is continuous from the roots to the
leaves. | c. | carries nutrients up the stem but not down. | d. | consists of
nodes. |
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13.
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Unlike roots, stems
a. | transport water. | c. | are protected by epidermal cells. | b. | have ground
tissue. | d. | may carry out
photosynthesis. |
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Figure
23–1
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14.
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Figure 23–1 shows cross sections of monocot and dicot
a. | roots. | c. | root hairs. | b. | leaf veins. | d. | stems. |
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15.
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One function of stems is to physically support leaves in a position to maximize
photosynthesis. In large trees, the support function of stems is primarily due to
a. | phloem. | c. | xylem. | b. | pith. | d. | cork cambium. |
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16.
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In dicot plants, secondary growth
a. | changes primary xylem and phloem to secondary xylem and phloem. | b. | makes the roots
longer. | c. | results from an increase in the primary xylem and phloem. | d. | produces bark and
wood. |
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17.
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What might a thin tree ring indicate?
a. | increased production of xylem | c. | decreased production of
phloem | b. | xylem production in winter | d. | a year of drought |
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18.
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Most of the photosynthetic activity in plants takes place in the
a. | mesophyll. | c. | stomata. | b. | guard cells. | d. | xylem. |
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Figure
23–2
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19.
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In Figure 23–2, the X points to a
a. | guard cell. | c. | vein. | b. | mesophyll cell. | d. | stoma. |
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20.
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The stomata of leaves are usually open in
a. | light if a plant has enough water. | c. | darkness if a plant has enough
water. | b. | light if a plant has too little water. | d. | darkness if a plant has too little
water. |
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21.
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In many plants, stomata are found only on the lower surface of the leaf.
The most likely explanation for this observation is that
a. | photosynthesis only occurs in the spongy mesophyll near the bottom of the
leaf. | b. | stomata are closer to vascular bundles that bring water into the
leaf. | c. | gas exchange is more efficient from the lower surface. | d. | water loss would be
less on the shady lower surface than in direct sun. |
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22.
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If a plant’s gametophyte is conspicuous, the plant is NOT a
a. | bryophyte. | c. | spore-bearing vascular plant. | b. | seed
plant. | d. | nonvascular
plant. |
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23.
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In angiosperms, reproduction takes place in
a. | leaves. | c. | cones. | b. | flowers. | d. | pollen. |
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24.
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In some flowers, the female gametophytes are produced by multiple fused
a. | carpels. | c. | anthers. | b. | petals. | d. | sepals. |
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25.
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A sticky secretion on the scales of seed cones traps
a. | sporophytes. | c. | pollen grains. | b. | pollen cones. | d. | egg cells. |
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26.
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The tough outer layer of a seed is called the
a. | seed coat. | c. | nut. | b. | fruit. | d. | embryo wall. |
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27.
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A ripened ovary that contains angiosperm seeds is called a(an)
a. | embryo. | c. | fruit. | b. | seed. | d. | vegetable. |
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Figure
24–1
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28.
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The seed type shown in Figure 24–1 that is generally dispersed by animals
is(are)
a. | only A. | c. | both A and B. | b. | only B. | d. | neither A nor
B. |
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29.
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Seeds dispersed by animals typically are contained in
a. | fleshy, nutritious fruits. | c. | thin coatings that are easily
digested. | b. | unripened ovaries. | d. | lightweight structures. |
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30.
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A period during which the embryo of a seed is alive but not growing is
a. | fruit production. | c. | germination. | b. | seed production. | d. | dormancy. |
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31.
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The early growth stage of a plant embryo is called
a. | fertilization. | c. | germination. | b. | dormancy. | d. | pollination. |
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32.
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In the meristem regions of plants, you would expect to find
a. | inactive cells. | c. | companion cells. | b. | dividing cells. | d. | reproductive
cells. |
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33.
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Auxins are produced in
a. | xylem. | c. | pith. | b. | phloem. | d. | apical
meristem. |
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34.
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Hormones that stimulate cell elongation and are produced in the rapidly growing
region near the tip of the plant’s root or stem are called
a. | auxins. | c. | cytokinins. | b. | ethylenes. | d. | gibberellins. |
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35.
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If the apical meristem of a mature plant is removed, the plant will most
likely
a. | lose its ability to move phototropically. | b. | show a dramatic and
rapid increase in height. | c. | develop apical dominance and begin to
flower. | d. | lose apical dominance and grow lateral branches. |
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36.
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The growth patterns of ivy tendrils that wrap around objects is an example
of
a. | gravitropism. | c. | thigmotropism. | b. | phototropism. | d. | photoperiodism. |
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37.
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Roots growing with gravity and stems growing against gravity are examples
of
a. | gravitropism. | c. | thigmotropism. | b. | phototropism. | d. | photoperiodism. |
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Figure
25–2
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38.
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How is the cactus in Figure 25–2 adapted to soak up rare rainfall
quickly?
a. | It has thin, sharp spines. | b. | It has stems that shrivel when it
rains. | c. | It has wide stems that catch rainwater. | d. | It has an extensive
shallow root system. |
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Modified True/False Indicate
whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the
statement true.
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39.
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Phloem consists of vessel elements and companion cells.
_________________________
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40.
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Meristematic tissue produces new cells by mitosis.
_________________________
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41.
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A decrease in the active transport of minerals into a root would not
cause the root to release water into the soil. _________________________
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42.
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In a tree, the heartwood increases in width over time.
_________________________
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43.
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Transpiration from leaves occurs because of the osmosis of water from the
leaf to the environment. _________________________
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44.
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In plants, the opening and closing of stomata balance water loss with the need
for carbon dioxide. _________________________
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45.
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Water rises to the top of a giant redwood tree by transpiration pull.
_________________________
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46.
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In gymnosperms, gametophytes are hidden in cones.
_________________________
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47.
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Pollen cones are also called female cones.
_________________________
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48.
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When you look at a mature gymnosperm or angiosperm, you see the more conspicuous
gametophyte. _________________________
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49.
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A fruit always contains one or more seeds.
_________________________
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50.
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In seed plants, parts of the ovule toughen to form a fruit, which
protects the delicate embryo and its food supply. _________________________
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51.
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Fruit is an adaptation that helps ensure pollination.
_________________________
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52.
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Some seeds go through a period of dormancy, during which they do not
germinate. _________________________
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53.
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Cells on the shaded side of a stem elongate more than cells on the side
receiving light because of the hormone ethylene. _________________________
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54.
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Seedlings finding their way out of the soil and into the sunlight is an example
of photoperiodism. _________________________
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55.
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The growing tip of a climbing vine exhibits phototropism when it grows in
a circling motion. _________________________
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Completion Complete each
statement.
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Figure
23–3
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56.
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Figure 23–3 shows a cross section of a(an) ____________________.
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57.
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Root hairs take in water from the soil through the process of
____________________.
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58.
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As the relative concentration of mineral ions in a root’s epidermal cells
increases, the relative concentration of water molecules ____________________.
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59.
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____________________ consists of the outer layers of secondary xylem in dicot
stems.
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60.
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____________________ cells control the opening and closing of stomata.
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61.
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A sperm nucleus moves toward a flower’s ovary through a long passageway
called a pollen ____________________.
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62.
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Any seed enclosed within its ovary wall is properly referred to as a
____________________.
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63.
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A coconut is a very large ____________________ that contains a milky endosperm
layer.
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64.
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Plant responses to external stimuli are called ____________________, from a
Greek word meaning “turning.”
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65.
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As cold weather approaches, ____________________ plants turn off photosynthetic
pathways.
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Short Answer
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66.
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How is the function of a tree trunk related to photosynthesis?
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67.
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Contrast the flow of materials in xylem and phloem.
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68.
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Contrast the growth of fibrous roots and taproots in soil.
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69.
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Which roots are more effective in reducing erosion, fibrous roots or taproots?
Explain your answer.
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70.
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What do roots absorb from the soil?
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71.
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By what three processes does water rise from the roots to the top of a
tree?
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72.
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What is the typical method of pollen dispersal for gymnosperms? For
angiosperms?
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73.
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How can you tell by looking at a fruit how the seeds it contains are
dispersed?
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74.
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Name two environmental factors that can end a seed’s dormancy.
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