Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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All fungi are
a. | heterotrophic prokaryotes. | c. | autotrophic
prokaryotes. | b. | heterotrophic eukaryotes. | d. | autotrophic eukaryotes. |
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2.
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Fungi do NOT
a. | carry out photosynthesis. | c. | digest food outside their
bodies. | b. | grow on their food source. | d. | absorb food through their cell walls. |
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3.
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Fungi resemble plants in that they both always
a. | have stems. | c. | act as parasites. | b. | grow from the ground. | d. | have cell
walls. |
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4.
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The tangled mass that makes up the body of a fungus is the
a. | hypha. | c. | mycelium. | b. | rhizoid. | d. | stolon. |
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5.
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A circular arrangement of mushrooms sprouting from the same mycelium is known as
a(an)
a. | hypha. | c. | imperfect fungus. | b. | fairy ring. | d. | sporangiophore. |
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6.
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Most fungi reproduce
a. | asexually only. | c. | both sexually and asexually. | b. | sexually
only. | d. | by
budding. |
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7.
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Stinkhorns, which mimic the odor of rotting meat, have spores that are dispersed
by
a. | wind. | c. | snow. | b. | birds. | d. | flies. |
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8.
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Which of the following processes is first to occur after the nuclei of opposite
mating types fuse?
a. | Spores are produced. | c. | Mitosis occurs. | b. | Gametes are produced. | d. | Meiosis occurs. |
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9.
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Dark fuzz that grows on bread is an example of
a. | toadstool. | c. | yeast. | b. | spore. | d. | mold. |
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10.
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Rhizoids in molds are analagous to which structures on plants?
a. | flowers | c. | stems | b. | roots | d. | leaves |
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11.
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In bread mold, haploid gametes are produced by the
a. | gametangia. | c. | zygospores. | b. | rhizoids. | d. | sporangiophores. |
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12.
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Which of the following ingredients is NOT added to bread dough in order to make
it rise?
a. | sugar | c. | water | b. | yeast | d. | oxygen |
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13.
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The dry, powdered yeast used to bake bread actually contains
a. | zygospores. | c. | conidia. | b. | ascospores. | d. | sporangia. |
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14.
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Yeasts obtain energy by alcoholic fermentation in the absence of
a. | moisture. | c. | oxygen. | b. | carbon dioxide. | d. | sugar. |
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15.
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Each of the following is a basidiomycete EXCEPT
a. | shelf fungi. | c. | puffballs. | b. | mushrooms. | d. | cup fungi. |
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16.
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In basidiomycetes, the primary mycelia of different mating types fuse to
form
a. | a secondary mycelium. | b. | haploid zygotes. | c. | gills. | d. | haploid nuclei of the same mating
type. |
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17.
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The oldest fossil fungi on record belong to the phylum
a. | Ascomycota. | c. | Basidiomycota. | b. | Deuteromycota. | d. | Zygomycota. |
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18.
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Fungi feed on
a. | only living organisms. | c. | both living and dead organisms. | b. | only dead
organisms. | d. | only other
fungi. |
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19.
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Each of the following is true of wheat rust EXCEPT that it
a. | is caused by a basidiomycete. | b. | is carried by insects into wheat
fields. | c. | is controlled by destroying barberry plants. | d. | produces two kinds
of spores. |
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20.
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Which of the following is NOT a single organism?
a. | mushroom | c. | yeast | b. | smut | d. | lichen |
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Modified True/False
Indicate
whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the
statement true.
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21.
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Fungal cell walls are composed of cellulose.
_________________________
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22.
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Some fungi live as parasites by obtaining nutrients from a living host.
_________________________
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23.
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In some fungi, the nuclei are divided by cross walls.
_________________________
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24.
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Generally, in order for sexual reproduction to occur in fungi, the spores
of opposite mating types must meet. _________________________
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25.
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Ascomycetes have a tough sac that contains spores.
_________________________
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26.
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The phylum Ascomycota is the largest phylum in the kingdom Fungi.
_________________________
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27.
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Basidiomycetes resemble other fungal phyla but do not have a sexual
cycle. _________________________
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28.
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Early fungi may have helped plants obtain nutrients.
_________________________
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29.
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Repeated infections by Candida could indicate a problem with the
body’s immune system. _________________________
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30.
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Mycorrhizae are beneficial associations of fungi and animals.
_________________________
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Completion
Complete each
statement.
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31.
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Fungi ____________________ their food outside their bodies and then absorb
it.
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32.
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When the hyphae of opposite mating types meet, each hypha forms a
_________________________.
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33.
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In ascomycetes, eight cells are produced from one zygote because meiosis is
usually followed by _________________________.
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34.
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It is unwise to pick and eat fungus from the wild because edible mushrooms
sometimes look identical to _________________________ mushrooms.
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35.
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A serious fungal disease of ____________________ needs two different plants to
complete its life cycle.
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Short Answer
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36.
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What are the individual threads of a fungus called, and what structure do they
form when they appear as a tangled mass?
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37.
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In bread mold, how do zygospores differ from the spores produced on aerial
hyphae?
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38.
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What does the designation “N+N” mean? Which two phyla produce
N+N fruiting bodies?
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39.
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Why are Deuteromycetes called the “imperfect fungi”?
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40.
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What is the most important role of fungi in natural ecosystems, and why is this
role important?
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