Name: 
 

Ch 19 - Bacteria and Viruses - Retest


Multiple Choice (Value 20)
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
Which of the following is NOT a way in which archaebacteria and eubacteria differ?
a.
Archaebacteria lack an important carbohydrate found in the cell walls of eubacteria.
b.
The two groups have very different membrane lipids.
c.
Archaebacteria have gene sequences that are similar to those of eukaryotes.
d.
Archaebacteria follow the lytic cycle, while eubacteria follow the lysogenic cycle.
 
 
nar001-1.jpg

Figure 19–1
 

 2. 
The structure in Figure 19–1 represents a(an)
a.
virus.
c.
methanogen.
b.
archaebacterium.
d.
eubacterium.
 

 3. 
Which structure or structures shown in Figure 19–1 have key differences in eubacteria and archaebacteria?
a.
A, B, C
c.
D only
b.
A, B, E
d.
A only
 
 
nar002-1.jpg

Figure 19–2
 

 4. 
Which cell shape in Figure 19–2 is called a coccus?
a.
A
c.
C
b.
B
d.
none of the above
 

 5. 
Which of the following can survive either with oxygen or without it?
a.
obligate aerobes
c.
facultative anaerobes
b.
obligate anaerobes
d.
bacteriophages
 

 6. 
Some bacteria are able to survive unfavorable conditions by forming
a.
photoautotrophs.
c.
coccus.
b.
capsids.
d.
endospores.
 

 7. 
Which of the following is(are) used to identify prokaryotes?
a.
cell shape
c.
the way prokaryotes obtain energy
b.
the way prokaryotes move
d.
all of the above
 

 8. 
Humans use bacteria to
a.
clean up small oil spills.
c.
synthesize drugs.
b.
mine minerals from the ground.
d.
all of the above
 

 9. 
The outer protein coat of a virus is called a
a.
DNA core.
c.
bacteriophage.
b.
capsid.
d.
tail sheath.
 

 10. 
The instructions for making new copies of a virus are
a.
a part of a virus’s capsid.
b.
coded in surface proteins attached to the protein coat.
c.
coded in either RNA or DNA.
d.
found only in bacteriophages.
 

 11. 
Viruses
a.
are all about the same size.
b.
vary greatly in size and structure.
c.
rarely contain DNA or RNA.
d.
can be seen with a basic compound light microscope.
 

 12. 
A prophage is made of
a.
bacteriophages.
c.
capsid proteins.
b.
carbohydrates.
d.
viral DNA.
 

 13. 
Bacteriophages infect
a.
other viruses.
c.
any available host cell.
b.
bacteria only.
d.
cells undergoing the lytic cycle.
 

 14. 
During a lytic infection, the host cell is
a.
destroyed.
c.
copied many times over.
b.
prepared for the lysogenic cycle.
d.
all of the above
 

 15. 
Which of the following is a way that bacteria cause disease?
a.
by capsids
c.
by conjugation
b.
by nitrogen fixation
d.
by releasing toxins
 

 16. 
A vaccine would be useful if given to
a.
a potato farmer whose entire crop is infected with a potato virus.
c.
a teenager who has strep throat.
b.
a  nurse who works around people infected with tuberculosis.
d.
a cow that probably has mad cow disease.
 

 17. 
Which of the following is NOT a viral disease?
a.
botulism
c.
measles
b.
AIDS
d.
polio
 

 18. 
Viral diseases can be
a.
treated with antibiotics and prevented with vaccines.
b.
treated with vaccines and prevented with antibiotics.
c.
prevented with antibiotics but not treated with vaccines.
d.
prevented with vaccines but not treated with antibiotics.
 

 19. 
Plant viruses have a difficult time entering the cells they infect partly because
a.
plant viruses are weaker than animal viruses.
b.
plant cells have tough cell walls.
c.
many plant viruses are spread by insects.
d.
plant viruses do not have a protein coat.
 

 20. 
Prions differ from viruses because
a.
prions do not cause disease.
c.
prions only infect plant cells.
b.
prions contain no DNA or RNA.
d.
prions do not contain any protein.
 

Modified True/False (Value 10)
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.  If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
 

 21. 
Scientists reason that archaebacteria may be the ancestors of eukaryotes.  If this is true, then archaebacteria and eukaryotes share a common ancestor that is more recent than the common ancestor of archaebacteria and eubacteria. _________________________

 

 22. 
Many archaebacteria live in extreme environments, such as in Utah’s Great Salt Lake. _________________________

 

 23. 
A major difference between archaebacteria and eubacteria is the presence of peptidoglycan in the cell membrane of eubacteria._________________________

 
 
nar002-1.jpg

Figure 19–2
 

 24. 
Figure 19–2 shows the three shapes of viruses. _________________________

 

 25. 
The spiral-shaped organism labeled B in Figure 19–2 is an example of a spirillum. _________________________

 

 26. 
The bacterium Rhizobium, which grows on the roots of legumes, helps “fix” the carbon in the air by forming ammonium.  _________________________

 

 27. 
T4 is the name of a bacteriophage. _________________________

 
 
nar003-1.jpg

Figure 19–3
 

 28. 
The structure labeled D in Figure 19–3 is called a tail fiber. _________________________

 

 29. 
Bacteria can cause disease by releasing toxins into the body. _________________________

 

 30. 
Insects often help spread viruses from one plant to another.  _________________________

 

Completion (Value 5)
Complete each statement.
 

 31. 
Based on DNA sequences of key archaebacterial genes, archaebacteria and ____________________ seem to share a more recent common ancestor than do archaebacteria and ____________________.
 

 
 
nar002-1.jpg

Figure 19–2
 

 32. 
The organism labeled A in Figure 19–2 is an example of a(an) ____________________.
 

 
 
nar003-1.jpg

Figure 19–3
 

 33. 
In Figure 19–3, the structure labeled D is a(an) ____________________.
 

 

 34. 
Destroying bacteria by subjecting them to great heat or to chemical action is called ____________________.
 

 

 35. 
A chemical solution that is used in hospitals to kill bacteria is called a(an) ____________________.
 

 

Short Answer (Value 4)
 

 36. 
Name the two kingdoms of bacteria. List one way that these two groups differ from each other.
 

 37. 
Describe two methods of killing bacteria.
 



 
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