Name: 
 

Midterm - Ch 1, 7, 8, 9, 18 & 20



Multiple Choice (Value 70)
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 

Which of the following variables present in Redi’s experiment on spontaneous generation is NOT a controlled variable?
a.
gauze covering that keeps flies away from meat
b.
types of jars used
c.
types of meat used
d.
temperature at which the jars were stored
 

 2. 

Cell specialization in multicellular organisms allows cells to
a.
reproduce.
c.
respond to their environment.
b.
perform different functions.
d.
be less complex.
 

 3. 

To observe a small, living organism, a scientist might use a(an)
a.
electronic balance.
c.
compound light microscope.
b.
TEM.
d.
electron microscope.
 

 4. 

An instrument that allows light to pass through the specimen and uses two lenses to form an image is a(an)
a.
compound light microscope.
c.
TEM.
b.
electron microscope.
d.
SEM.
 

 5. 

Who was one of the first people to identify and see cork cells?
a.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
c.
Matthias Schleiden
b.
Robert Hooke
d.
Rudolf Virchow
 

 6. 

The work of Schleiden and Schwann can be summarized by saying that
a.
all plants are made of cells.
b.
all animals are made of cells.
c.
plants and animals have specialized cells.
d.
all plants and animals are made of cells.
 

 7. 

Which type(s) of microscopes can produce three-dimensional images of cells?
a.
transmission electron microscopes
c.
both A and B
b.
scanning electron microscopes
d.
neither A nor B
 

 8. 

Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that it is a prokaryote. How do you know?
a.
The cell lacks cytoplasm.
c.
The cell lacks a nucleus.
b.
The cell lacks a cell membrane.
d.
The cell lacks genetic material.
 

 9. 

Which of the following is NOT found in the nucleus?
a.
cytoplasm
c.
chromatin
b.
nucleolus
d.
DNA
 

 10. 

Which of the following statements explains the importance of the nucleus to the cell?
a.
Only eukaryotes have nuclei.
b.
Only prokaryotes have nuclei.
c.
The nucleus contains coded instructions for making proteins.
d.
The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope.
 

 11. 

Which organelles help provide cells with energy?
a.
mitochondria and chloroplasts
c.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b.
rough endoplasmic reticulum
d.
Golgi apparatus and ribosomes
 

 12. 

The main function of the cell wall is to
a.
support and protect the cell.
c.
direct the activities of the cell.
b.
store DNA.
d.
help the cell move.
 

 13. 

The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of?
a.
carbohydrates
c.
bilipids
b.
lipids
d.
proteins
 

 14. 

Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?
a.
diffusion
c.
facilitated diffusion
b.
osmosis
d.
active transport
 

 15. 

Which of the following is NOT a part of an ATP molecule?
a.
adenine
c.
chlorophyll
b.
ribose
d.
phosphate
 

 16. 

A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight at a temperature of 27°C. The gas being collected is probably
a.
oxygen.
c.
ATP.
b.
carbon dioxide.
d.
vaporized water.
 

 17. 

Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into
a.
oxygen.
b.
high-energy sugars and starches.
c.
ATP and oxygen.
d.
oxygen and high-energy sugars and starches.
 

 18. 

A granum is a
a.
stack of chloroplasts.
c.
membrane enclosing a thylakoid.
b.
stack of thylakoids.
d.
photosynthetic pigment molecule.
 

 19. 

Where do the light-dependent reactions take place?
a.
in the stroma
c.
within the thylakoid membranes
b.
in the mitochondria
d.
only in chlorophyll molecules
 

 20. 

If carbon dioxide is completely removed from a plant’s environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant’s production of high-energy sugars?
a.
More sugars will be produced.
b.
No sugars will be produced.
c.
The same number of sugars will be produced but without carbon dioxide.
d.
Carbon dioxide does not affect the production of high-energy sugars in plants.
 

 21. 

What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
a.
6O2 + C6H12O6 ® 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
b.
6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy ® 6CO2 + 6H2O
c.
6CO2 + 6H2O ® 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy
d.
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy ® 6O2 + C6H12O6
 

 22. 

What are the reactants in the equation for cellular respiration?
a.
oxygen and lactic acid
c.
glucose and oxygen
b.
carbon dioxide and water
d.
water and glucose
 

 23. 

Which of these is a product of cellular respiration?
a.
oxygen
c.
glucose
b.
water
d.
all of the above
 

 24. 

Lactic acid fermentation occurs in
a.
bread dough.
c.
muscle cells.
b.
any environment containing oxygen.
d.
mitochondria.
 

 25. 

One cause of muscle soreness is
a.
alcoholic fermentation.
c.
lactic acid fermentation.
b.
glycolysis.
d.
the Krebs cycle.
 

 26. 

The Krebs cycle does not occur if
a.
oxygen is present.
c.
glycolysis occurs.
b.
fermentation occurs.
d.
carbon dioxide is present.
 

 27. 

The Krebs cycle produces
a.
oxygen.
c.
electron carriers.
b.
lactic acid.
d.
glucose.
 

 28. 

Photosynthesis is to chloroplasts as cellular respiration is to
a.
chloroplasts.
c.
mitochondria.
b.
cytoplasm.
d.
nuclei.
 

 29. 

The products of photosynthesis are the
a.
products of cellular respiration.
c.
products of glycolysis.
b.
reactants of cellular respiration.
d.
reactants of fermentation.
 

 30. 

Which of the following is a valid hypothesis for why a plant appears to be dying?
a.
The plant is not being watered enough.
b.
The plant is being watered too much.
c.
The plant is receiving too much sunlight.
d.
all of the above
 

 31. 

A student suggests that a certain species of bacteria grows better in the light than in the dark.  The student has 10 culture plates on which to grow the bacteria.  Which of the following would be the best experiment to test this idea? 
a.
Grow 10 plates in the dark.
b.
Grow 10 plates in the light. 
c.
Grow 5 plates in the dark and 5 plates in the light.
d.
Grow 10 plates in the light, with extra water. 
 

 32. 

A controlled experiment allows the scientist to isolate and test
a.
a conclusion.
c.
several variables.
b.
a mass of information.
d.
a single variable.
 

 33. 

Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?
a.
Cells are the basic units of life.
b.
All living things are made of cells.
c.
Very few cells reproduce.
d.
All cells are produced by existing cells.
 

 34. 

Which of the following contain a nucleus?
a.
prokaryotes
c.
eukaryotes
b.
bacteria
d.
organelles
 

 35. 

Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?
a.
stores DNA
b.
controls most of the cell’s processes
c.
contains the information needed to make proteins
d.
all of the above
 

 36. 

Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?
a.
mitochondrion
c.
chloroplast
b.
ribosome
d.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
 

 37. 

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?
a.
helps the cell maintain its shape
b.
helps the cell move
c.
prevents chromosomes from separating
d.
helps organelles within the cell move
 

 38. 

You will NOT find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms?
a.
plants
c.
fungi
b.
animals
d.
all of the above
 

 39. 

Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?
a.
breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foods
b.
stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates
c.
keeps the cell wall in place
d.
regulates which materials enter and leave the cell
 

 40. 

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from
a.
an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
b.
an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
c.
an area of equilibrium to an area of high concentration.
d.
all of the above
 

 41. 

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called
a.
osmotic pressure.
c.
facilitated diffusion.
b.
osmosis.
d.
active transport.
 

 42. 

An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causes
a.
water to move into the cell.
c.
solutes to move into the cell.
b.
water to move out of the cell.
d.
solutes to move out of the cell.
 

 43. 

Energy is released from ATP when
a.
a phosphate group is added.
c.
ATP is exposed to sunlight.
b.
adenine bonds to ribose.
d.
a phosphate group is removed.
 

 44. 

The stroma is the region outside the
a.
thylakoids.
c.
plant cells.
b.
chloroplasts.
d.
all of the above
 

 45. 

Where in the chloroplast is chlorophyll found?
a.
in the stroma
c.
in the ATP
b.
in the thylakoid
d.
in the glucose
 

 46. 

What are the products of the light-dependent reactions?
a.
oxygen gas
c.
NADPH
b.
ATP
d.
all of the above
 

 47. 

The Calvin cycle is another name for
a.
light-independent reactions.
c.
photosynthesis.
b.
light-dependent reactions.
d.
all of the above
 

 48. 

The Calvin cycle takes place in the
a.
stroma.
c.
thylakoid membranes.
b.
photosystems.
d.
chlorophyll molecules.
 

 49. 

What is a product of the Calvin cycle?
a.
oxygen gas
c.
high-energy sugars
b.
ATP
d.
carbon dioxide gas
 
 
nar001-1.jpg

Figure 8–2
 

 50. 

Which of the graphs in Figure 8–2 represents the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis?
a.
A
c.
C
b.
B
d.
D
 

 51. 

Which of the graphs in Figure 8–2 represents the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis?
a.
A
c.
C
b.
B
d.
D
 

 52. 

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?
a.
glycolysis ® fermentation ® Krebs cycle
b.
Krebs cycle ® electron transport ® glycolysis
c.
glycolysis ® Krebs cycle ® electron transport
d.
Krebs cycle ® glycolysis ® electron transport
 

 53. 

Which of these processes takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell?
a.
glycolysis
c.
Krebs cycle
b.
electron transport
d.
all of the above
 

 54. 

The starting molecule for glycolysis is
a.
ADP.
c.
citric acid.
b.
pyruvic acid.
d.
glucose.
 

 55. 

Which of the following is NOT a product of glycolysis?
a.
NADH
c.
ATP
b.
pyruvic acid
d.
glucose
 

 56. 

Which of the following acts as an electron carrier in cellular respiration?
a.
NAD+
c.
ADP
b.
pyruvic acid
d.
ATP
 

 57. 

The two main types of fermentation are called
a.
alcoholic and aerobic.
c.
alcoholic and lactic acid.
b.
aerobic and anaerobic.
d.
lactic acid and anaerobic.
 

 58. 

Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires
a.
light.
c.
oxygen.
b.
exercise.
d.
glucose.
 

 59. 

The starting molecule for the Krebs cycle is
a.
glucose.
c.
pyruvic acid.
b.
NADH.
d.
coenzyme A.
 

 60. 

How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis almost opposite processes?
a.
Photosynthesis releases energy, and cellular respiration stores energy.
b.
Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back.
c.
Photosynthesis removes oxygen from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back.
d.
all of the above
 

 61. 

Based on their names, you know that the baboons Papio annubis and Papio cynocephalus do NOT belong to the same
a.
class.
c.
genus.
b.
family.
d.
species.
 

 62. 

The second part of a scientific name is unique to each
a.
order in its class.
c.
genus in its family.
b.
family in its order.
d.
species in its genus.
 

 63. 

Traditional classifications tended to take into account primarily
a.
extinct organisms.
c.
DNA similarities.
b.
RNA similarities.
d.
general similarities in appearance.
 

 64. 

The domain that corresponds to the kingdom Eubacteria is
a.
Archaea.
c.
Eukarya.
b.
Bacteria.
d.
Fungi.
 

 65. 

The domain that contains unicellular organisms that live in extreme environments is
a.
Eubacteria.
c.
Archaea.
b.
Eukarya.
d.
Bacteria.
 

 66. 

What is thought to be true about the three domains of living things?
a.
They diverged from a common ancestor fairly recently.
b.
They diverged from a common ancestor before the evolution of the main groups of eukaryotes.
c.
They did not have a common ancestor.
d.
Domains Bacteria and Archaea evolved after the main groups of eukaryotes.
 

 67. 

Which structure of a paramecium is analogous to a “reserve copy” of all the cell’s genes?
a.
the micronucleus
c.
the trichocysts
b.
the gullet
d.
the macronucleus
 

 68. 

Chlorophyll a is best at absorbing
a.
blue light.
c.
yellow and green light.
b.
green light.
d.
red and violet light.
 

 69. 

Red algae lack flagella and
a.
nuclei.
c.
accessory pigments.
b.
centrioles.
d.
chlorophyll.
 

 70. 

In oomycetes, sexual reproduction takes place in the
a.
migrating colony.
c.
antheridium and oogonium.
b.
sporangium.
d.
zoosporangium.
 

Modified True/False (Value 20)
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.  If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
 

 71. 

Scientists try to organize living things into groups that have economic significance. _________________________

 

 72. 

In binomial nomenclature, each species is assigned a two-part scientific name. _________________________

 

 73. 

Evidence shows that the same gene that codes for a particular protein in human muscle also codes for that protein in yeasts, indicating common ancestry. _________________________

 

 74. 

The older kingdom Monera contains the same organisms as the two domains Bacteria and Archaea. _________________________

 

 75. 

The kingdom Eubacteria contains the same organisms as the domain Animalia. _________________________

 

 76. 

Ciliates use flagella for feeding and movement. _________________________

 

 77. 

If the people in a town contracted amebic dysentery or infections by the animallike protist, Giardia, the most likely cause would be contaminated drinking water. _________________________

 

 78. 

Blooms of dinoflagellates can cause red tides. _________________________

 

 79. 

The holdfast of a brown alga helps keep it upright in the water. _________________________

 

 80. 

Members of the phylum Rhodophyta contain the accessory pigment phycobilin. _________________________

 

 81. 

An important goal of a scientist is to use evidence to learn about the natural world. _________________________

 

 82. 

Scientists are persuaded by logical arguments that are supported by evidence. _________________________

 

 83. 

In a laboratory, you are responsible for your own safety, as well as the safety of your teacher and classmates. _________________________

 

 84. 

Once equilibrium is reached, roughly equal numbers of molecules move in either direction across a semipermeable membrane, and there is no further change in concentration on either side of the membrane. _________________________

 
 
nar003-1.jpg

Figure 8–3
 

 85. 

If you were to isolate the structure shown in Figure 8–3, it would appear green. _________________________

 

 86. 

Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of carbon dioxide. _________________________

 

 87. 

An organism may have different common names that vary from area to area and language to language. _________________________

 

 88. 

Biologists attempt to group organisms into categories that represent lines of evolutionary descent. _________________________

 

 89. 

Cladistic analysis considers characteristics that have arisen as lineages have evolved over time. _________________________

 

 90. 

Protists are a diverse group of mainly multicellular eukaryotes. _________________________

 

Completion (Value 10)
Complete each statement.
 

 91. 

Evidence shows that very dissimilar organisms, such as yeasts and humans, have some genes in common, indicating that they share a common ____________________.
 

 

 92. 

The domain ____________________ is composed of the kingdom Eubacteria.
 

 

 93. 

Chlorophyll and accessory pigments allow algae to harvest and use the energy of ____________________.
 

 

 94. 

A fish-eating bear indirectly relies on _________________________ protists for food.
 

 

 95. 

____________________ protists are heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter.
 

 

 96. 

In a eukaryote, the material between the cell membrane and the nucleus is called the ____________________.
 

 
 
nar002-1.jpg

Figure 7–3
 

 97. 

RNA and other molecules leave the nucleus through the structure labeled ____________________ in Figure 7–3.
 

 

 98. 

Molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated. This process is called ____________________.
 

 

 99. 

The cells in a multicellular organism have specific jobs. This is called cell _________________________.
 

 
 
nar003-1.jpg

Figure 8–3
 

 100. 

The area in Figure 8–3 labeled A is called the ____________________.
 

 

Essay: Complete two of the following essay questions (Value 10)
 

 101. 

What is the goal of science?
 

 102. 

Identify the electron carriers of cellular respiration. Discuss the relationship between the electron carriers and the electron transport chain.
 

 103. 

What effect might the common use of the microscope by biologists have had on Linnaeus’s original system of taxonomy? Explain.
 

 104. 

How does traditional classification differ from evolutionary classification?
 

 105. 

Describe the structure of the diploid zygote of Chlamydomonas, and explain under what conditions it forms and the adaptive advantage of the process of zygote formation.
 

 106. 

Contrast the asexual and sexual phases in the life cycle of a water mold.
 



 
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