Multiple Choice (Value 200) Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers
the question.
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1.
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An example of a monocot is a
a. | tomato. | c. | lily. | b. | daisy. | d. | rose. |
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2.
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A lytic infection concludes with the
a. | production of a prophage. | b. | embedding of viral DNA into the host
cell’s DNA. | c. | production of messenger
RNA. | d. | bursting of the host cell. |
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3.
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Scientists assign each type of organism a universally accepted name in the
system known as
a. | traditional classification. | c. | binomial
nomenclature. | b. | cladistics. | d. | the three domains. |
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4.
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Viral diseases can be
a. | prevented with vaccines but not treated with antibiotics. | b. | treated with
antibiotics and prevented with vaccines. | c. | prevented with antibiotics but not treated with
vaccines. | d. | treated with vaccines and prevented with antibiotics. |
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5.
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A benign tumor is one that
a. | does not divide uncontrollably. | b. | is cancerous. | c. | has undergone
metastasis. | d. | does not spread to other parts of the body. |
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6.
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Over time, nutrients at the center of a large underground mycelium become
depleted, causing new mushrooms to sprout only
a. | in a ring at the outer edges. | c. | when the nutrients are
replaced. | b. | in a cluster at the center. | d. | after budding takes place. |
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7.
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An example of an echinoderm is
a. | sponge | c. | clam | b. | squid | d. | sand dollar |
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8.
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Antibiotics fight infections by
a. | killing infected cells. | b. | killing bacteria. | c. | growing green mold
that inhibits bacterial growth. | d. | preventing viruses from
replicating. |
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9.
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The tubelike structure through which water enters and leaves a mollusk’s
body is the
a. | coelom. | c. | sinus. | b. | siphon. | d. | mantle cavity. |
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10.
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In eukaryotes, electron transport occurs in the
a. | mitochondria. | c. | chloroplasts. | b. | cytoplasm. | d. | cell membrane. |
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Figure
8–1
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11.
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In Figure 8–1, between which parts of the molecule must the bonds be
broken to form an ADP molecule?
a. | A and B | c. | C and D | b. | B and C | d. | all of the
above |
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12.
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Look at Figure 8–1. All of the following are parts of an ADP molecule
EXCEPT
a. | structure A. | c. | structure C. | b. | structure B. | d. | structure D. |
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13.
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Which of the following is NOT a way in which archaebacteria and eubacteria
differ?
a. | Archaebacteria lack an important carbohydrate found in the cell walls of
eubacteria. | b. | Archaebacteria have gene sequences that are similar to those of
eukaryotes. | c. | The two groups have very different membrane lipids. | d. | Archaebacteria
follow the lytic cycle, while eubacteria follow the lysogenic cycle. |
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14.
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Water is lost from the body by each of the following EXCEPT
a. | circulation. | c. | urinating. | b. | sweating. | d. | respiration. |
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15.
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Which of the following blood cells contain hemoglobin?
a. | white blood cells | c. | platelets | b. | red blood cells | d. | all of the
above |
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16.
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all plants?
a. | are eukaryotic | c. | produce seeds | b. | are multicellular | d. | have cell walls |
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17.
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Where does the process of chemical digestion begin?
a. | stomach | c. | esophagus | b. | mouth | d. | small intestine |
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18.
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Which of the following is NOT found in the nucleus?
a. | nucleolus | c. | cytoplasm | b. | chromatin | d. | DNA |
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19.
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Several different classes make up a
a. | phylum. | c. | kingdom. | b. | family. | d. | genus. |
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20.
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Which type of plant lives the longest?
a. | annual | c. | biennial | b. | perennial | d. | seasonal |
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21.
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The roads of a city are similar to what structures in the circulatory
system?
a. | air passageway | c. | blood | b. | blood vessels | d. | heart |
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22.
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What is the term for a group of organisms of one type living in the same
place?
a. | environment | c. | biosphere | b. | ecosystem | d. | population |
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23.
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Which of the following includes all the others?
a. | phloem | c. | xylem | b. | vascular tissue | d. | tracheids |
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24.
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Xylem and phloem are NOT
a. | present in bryophytes. | c. | vascular tissues. | b. | present in ferns. | d. | conducting
tissues. |
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25.
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Which of the following includes a plant embryo, a food supply, and a protective
covering?
a. | spore | c. | pollen grain | b. | gametophyte | d. | seed |
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26.
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Generally speaking, what controls breathing?
a. | the diaphragm | c. | the brain | b. | the lungs | d. | the heart |
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27.
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A cnidarian’s gastrovascular cavity is specialized for
a. | reproduction. | c. | capturing prey. | b. | digestion. | d. | sensing the
environment. |
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28.
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An example of a chelicerate is a
a. | lobster. | c. | spider. | b. | crayfish. | d. | centipede. |
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29.
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How much blood does the human body contain?
a. | 12–14 liters | c. | 8–10 liters | b. | 1–2 liters | d. | 4–6
liters |
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30.
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The nerve cells of cnidarians make up a(an)
a. | brain. | c. | ocelli. | b. | hydrostatic skeleton. | d. | nerve net. |
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31.
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Which of the following statements is true about bryophytes?
a. | They draw up water by osmosis. | b. | They are not highly dependent on
water. | c. | They have specialized tissues that conduct water. | d. | They are a group of
plants made up of algae and mosses. |
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32.
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Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal
cells?
a. | ribosome | c. | mitochondrion | b. | smooth endoplasmic
reticulum | d. | chloroplast |
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33.
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Which structures carry out cell movement?
a. | microtubules and microfilaments | c. | nucleolus and
nucleus | b. | chromosomes | d. | cytoplasm and ribosomes |
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34.
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What does the presence of similar genes in very dissimilar organisms
imply?
a. | The organisms share a common ancestor. | b. | The genes were produced by different selection
pressures. | c. | The genes became identical through mutation. | d. | The organisms do not
share a common ancestor. |
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35.
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Which blood cells are most numerous in the body?
a. | platelets | c. | white | b. | plasma | d. | red |
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36.
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Flowering plants that complete a life cycle within a single growing season are
called
a. | dicots. | c. | annuals. | b. | monocots. | d. | perennials. |
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37.
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What substance found in the skeleton of a desert-dwelling beetle is likely to be
absent from the skeleton of an aquatic beetle?
a. | chitin | c. | wax | b. | protein | d. | silk |
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38.
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Which of the following is NOT a step in the light-dependent reactions?
a. | High-energy electrons move through the electron transport chain. | b. | Pigments in
photosystem II absorb light. | c. | ATP and NADPH are used to produce high-energy
sugars. | d. | ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the thylakoid
membrane. |
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39.
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Because bryophytes do not have vascular tissue, they
a. | obtain all their water from the surrounding air. | b. | show alternation of
generations. | c. | have true roots, stems, and leaves. | d. | grow close to the
ground. |
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40.
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Mollusks have a
a. | shell | b. | foot. | c. | all of the
above | d. | mantle |
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41.
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The body’s nonspecific defenses against invading pathogens include
a. | killer T cells. | c. | antibodies. | b. | antibiotics. | d. | mucus, sweat, and
tears. |
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42.
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In science, a hypothesis is useful only if
a. | it is proven correct. | c. | it can be proven incorrect. | b. | the explanation is
already known. | d. | it can be
tested. |
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43.
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Which of these animals has a true coelom?
a. | planarian | c. | earthworm | b. | tapeworm | d. | filarial worm |
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44.
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Cell specialization in multicellular organisms allows cells to
a. | respond to their environment. | c. | be less
complex. | b. | reproduce. | d. | perform different functions. |
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45.
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When a doctor suggests following a diet low in saturated fats, which of the
following forms of oil is a preferred choice to use in cooking?
a. | animal fats | b. | vegetable oil | c. | butter | d. | oils with single bonds between their carbon
atoms |
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46.
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A blood pressure reading of 120/80
a. | indicates a diastolic blood prssure of 120. | b. | indicates a systolic
blood pressure of 120. | c. | is determined by using a sphygmomanometer to
measure blood pressure in the veins. | d. | is an indication of hypertension in a resting
adult. |
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47.
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An example of an arachnid is a
a. | crayfish. | c. | centipede. | b. | spider. | d. | lobster. |
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48.
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The domain that contains unicellular organisms that live in extreme environments
is
a. | Eubacteria. | c. | Eukarya. | b. | Bacteria. | d. | Archaea. |
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49.
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Which statement mainly explains why even well-conditioned athletes have to pace
themselves for athletic events that last several hours?
a. | Heavy breathing is needed to get rid of lactic acid. | b. | Lactic acid
fermentation can cause muscle soreness. | c. | Cellular respiration releases energy more
slowly than fermentation does. | d. | all of the
above |
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50.
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Viruses cause disease by
a. | disrupting the body’s normal equilibrium. | b. | forming endospores
in the body. | c. | reproducing independently inside the body. | d. | producing toxins
that harm the body. |
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51.
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In an echinoderm, the structure that operates like a living suction cup is
the
a. | nerve ring. | c. | stomach. | b. | madreporite. | d. | tube foot. |
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52.
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Which of the following will NOT kill bacteria?
a. | refrigeration | c. | boiling | b. | frying | d. | chemical
disinfection |
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53.
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A method called Gram staining is used to tell
a. | what kind of cell wall a prokaryote has. | b. | what shape a
prokaryote has. | c. | how a prokaryote obtains energy. | d. | whether a prokaryote has
flagella. |
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54.
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Roundworms with evolution of body cavity belong to
which phylum?
a. | Cnidaria | c. | Arthropoda | b. | Nemotoda | d. | Mollusca |
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55.
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The energy needed to win a 2-minute footrace is produced mostly by
a. | lactic acid fermentation. | c. | cellular
respiration. | b. | breaking down fats. | d. | using up stores of ATP. |
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Figure
38–1
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56.
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In what structure in Figure 38–1 do filtration and reabsorption
occur?
a. | renal vein | c. | urinary bladder | b. | kidney | d. | ureter |
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57.
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Which of the following would NOT be found in the stomach?
a. | mucus | c. | pepsin | b. | villi | d. | hydrochloric
acid |
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58.
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Which of the following is(are) used in the overall reactions for
photosynthesis?
a. | light | c. | carbon dioxide | b. | water | d. | all of the
above |
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59.
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Which appendages are especially important in the classification of
arthropods?
a. | mouthparts | c. | swimmerets | b. | legs | d. | antennae |
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60.
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The skeleton of an echinoderm is an
a. | endoskeleton made of calcium carbonate. | b. | exoskeleton made of
chitin. | c. | exoskeleton made of calcium carbonate. | d. | endoskeleton made of
chitin. |
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61.
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A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight at a
temperature of 27°C. The gas being collected is probably
a. | oxygen. | c. | vaporized water. | b. | ATP. | d. | carbon dioxide. |
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62.
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What begins when a neuron is stimulated by another neuron or by the
environment?
a. | an action potential | c. | an impulse | b. | a dendrite | d. | a threshold |
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63.
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Similar genes are evidence of
a. | different anatomy. | c. | mutations. | b. | binomial nomenclature. | d. | common
ancestry. |
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64.
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What is the basic structure of a virus?
a. | a tail sheath surrounded by tail fibers | b. | DNA or RNA
surrounded by a protein coat | c. | a tiny cell surrounded by a cell
wall | d. | a capsid surrounded by a protein coat |
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65.
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Seed-bearing plants differ from all other plants in that
a. | their gametes do not require water for fertilization to occur. | b. | they have only xylem
and no phloem tissue. | c. | they have a gametophyte
generation. | d. | they have true roots, stems, and leaves. |
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66.
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Soft, thin, flat bodies are characteristics of
which phylum?
a. | Platyheliminthes | c. | Arthropoda | b. | Cnidaria | d. | Mollusca |
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67.
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Scientists have found that humans and yeasts
a. | share all aspects of cellular structure. | b. | have similar genes
for the assembly of certain proteins. | c. | have nothing in common. | d. | cannot be evaluated
for degree of relatedness. |
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68.
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Plants take in the sun’s energy by absorbing
a. | sunlight. | c. | chlorophyll b. | b. | high-energy
sugars. | d. | chlorophyll
a. |
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69.
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How are infectious diseases spread?
a. | by infected animals | b. | through contaminated water and
food | c. | through coughing, sneezing, or physical contact | d. | all of the
above |
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70.
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In a mycorrhizal relationship, what benefit does the plant get from the
fungus?
a. | aid in the absorption of water and minerals | c. | products of
photosynthesis | b. | protection from harsh conditions | d. | aid in seed
dispersal |
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71.
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Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down
a. | food molecules. | c. | carbon dioxide. | b. | water. | d. | ATP. |
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72.
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Unlike a dicot, a monocot has
a. | parallel leaf veins. | c. | taproots. | b. | two cotyledons. | d. | four or five petals per
flower. |
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73.
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Which of the following is false?
a. | A granum contains several thylakoids. | c. | A thylakoid contains
chlorophyll. | b. | A stroma contains a thylakoid. | d. | A chloroplast contains
stroma. |
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74.
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Which of the following are the smallest of the blood vessels?
a. | capillaries | c. | lymphatic cells | b. | arteries | d. | veins |
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75.
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What causes asthma?
a. | Particular antigens trigger muscle contractions that make it difficult to
breathe. | b. | Antibodies and killer T cells attack cells in the tissues of the
lungs. | c. | Particular antigens trigger mast cells to release histamines. | d. | Antibodies and
killer T cells attack cells in the lining of the heart. |
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76.
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Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the
nucleus?
a. | vacuole | c. | Golgi apparatus | b. | mitochondrion | d. | ribosome |
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77.
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Which organ helps to regulate blood pressure?
a. | liver | c. | kidney | b. | gall bladder | d. | spleen |
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78.
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Animals that have a backbone that supports the
body are part of which phylum?
a. | Nemotoda | c. | Arthropoda | b. | Chordata | d. | Annelida |
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79.
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Which of these processes takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell?
a. | glycolysis | c. | electron transport | b. | Krebs cycle | d. | all of the
above |
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80.
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A type of worm that is an external parasite is the
a. | earthworm. | c. | tapeworm. | b. | polychaete. | d. | leech. |
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81.
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The body symmetry of a cnidarian is
a. | radial . | b. | sphercial | c. | bilateral. | d. | asymmetry |
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82.
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Proteins are polymers of
a. | amino acids. | c. | unsaturated fats. | b. | lipids. | d. | vitamins. |
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83.
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Information gathered from observing a plant grow 3 cm over a two-week period
results in
a. | hypotheses. | c. | inferences. | b. | data. | d. | variables. |
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84.
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Water is extracted from digested food in the body primarily by the
a. | pancreas. | c. | large intestine. | b. | gallbladder. | d. | bladder. |
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85.
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Which of the following is true about mosses?
a. | They are the least common bryophytes. | b. | They are very rare in polar
regions. | c. | Long, thin cells called rhizoids anchor them in the ground. | d. | Some mosses form
clumps of green sporophytes growing together. |
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86.
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Which of the following activities is the best analogy for respiration?
a. | receiving a gift | c. | sitting in a chair | b. | exchanging gifts | d. | giving a gift |
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87.
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Which of the following is NOT a stage of cellular respiration?
a. | electron transport | c. | glycolysis | b. | Krebs cycle | d. | fermentation |
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88.
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An animal that has an imaginary plane passing through the middle and produce
equalt left and right sides shows
a. | several planes of symmetry. | c. | radial
symmetry. | b. | bilateral symmetry. | d. | segmentation. |
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89.
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Which level of organization includes all of the other levels?
a. | organism | c. | ecosystem | b. | community | d. | population |
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90.
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Athlete’s foot is caused by the same fungus that causes
a. | moldy bread. | c. | ringworm. | b. | wheat rust. | d. | thrush. |
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91.
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The most general and largest category in Linnaeus’s system
is
a. | the kingdom. | c. | the domain. | b. | the genus. | d. | the phylum. |
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92.
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Organisms that spend their entire adult lives attached to one spot are said to
be
a. | heterotrophic. | c. | sessile. | b. | symmetric. | d. | flagellated. |
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93.
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Which of the following statements explains why the nucleus is important to
cells?
a. | The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope. | b. | The nucleus contains
coded instructions for making proteins. | c. | Only prokaryotes have
nuclei. | d. | Only eukaryotes have nuclei. |
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94.
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The function of the excretory system is to control homeostasis and
a. | break down nutrients. | c. | remove wastes. | b. | absorb nutrients. | d. | prevent
infection. |
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95.
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When the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, the
molecules will
a. | move across the membrane in both directions. | b. | move across the
membrane to the outside of the cell. | c. | stop moving across the
membrane. | d. | move across the membrane to the inside of the cell. |
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96.
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Suppose Priestley repeated his experiment using many kinds of plants besides
mint, and that when different plants were placed under the jar the candle remained lighted for
different periods of time. What would be a logical conclusion from these experiments?
a. | Different plants require different amounts of light. | b. | Different plants
require different amounts of water. | c. | Different plants release different amounts of
oxygen. | d. | Different plants release different amounts of carbon
dioxide. |
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97.
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Uncontrollable pain and sickness occur because the body cannot produce enough
endorphins when a drug user attempts to stop using
a. | opiates. | c. | marijuana. | b. | crack. | d. | cocaine. |
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98.
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When a person receives a vaccine, his or her body
a. | receives antibodies against a specific pathogen. | b. | immediately begins
fighting the infection caused by the pathogens. | c. | creates plasma cells that can produce
antibodies against the specific pathogen. | d. | creates antigens to fight the specific
pathogen. |
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99.
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The domain that corresponds to the kingdom Eubacteria is
a. | Archaea. | c. | Eukarya. | b. | Bacteria. | d. | Fungi. |
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100.
|
The trend of the Food Guide Pyramid is that the majority of the food in your
diet should be from
a. | the group(s) at the top. | b. | the group(s) at the bottom. | c. | the group(s) in the
middle. | d. | all of the groups in the same proportion. |
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101.
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Which process enables the body to maintain a stable temperature?
a. | cellular activity | c. | feedback inhibition | b. | circulation | d. | heating |
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102.
|
Which of the following are members of the kingdom Archaebacteria?
a. | eukaryotes | c. | eubacteria | b. | E. coli | d. | methanogens |
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103.
|
Which of the following is inside the thylakoid membrane?
a. | electron transport chain | c. | photosystem I | b. | ATP
synthase | d. | all of the
above |
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104.
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Before Linnaeus, scientific names were problematic because they were
a. | very long and difficult to standardize. | c. | written only in
Greek. | b. | written only in Latin. | d. | too brief to be descriptive. |
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105.
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The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions fairly constant is
called
a. | homeostasis. | c. | metabolism. | b. | evolution. | d. | photosynthesis. |
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106.
|
Bacteria that break down the nutrients in dead matter into simpler substances
that are taken up by plant roots are called
a. | decomposers. | c. | photoautotrophs. | b. | endospores. | d. | flagella. |
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107.
|
A well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations is
a(an)
a. | hypothesis. | c. | theory. | b. | controlled experiment. | d. | inference. |
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108.
|
Lead pollution is no longer a serious problem because
a. | leaded gasoline was replaced with unleaded gasoline. | b. | lead particulates
are not easily inhaled. | c. | lead particulates are washed into rivers and
streams. | d. | asbestos is now used instead of lead. |
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109.
|
Sporangia are found at the tops of specialized hyphae called
a. | sporangiophores. | c. | stolons. | b. | mycelia. | d. | gametangia. |
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110.
|
For a neuron to reach an action potential, it must
a. | reverse the electrical charge across the cell membrane. | b. | release
electrons. | c. | take in sodium ions. | d. | absorb calcium. |
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Figure
19–2
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111.
|
Which cell shape in Figure 19–2 is called a coccus?
a. | A | c. | B | b. | C | d. | none of the
above |
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112.
|
What can occur if a person does not take in enough water to replace what is
lost?
a. | circulatory problems | c. | dehydration | b. | nervous system problems | d. | all of the
above |
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113.
|
The body’s most important nonspecific defense is
a. | the skin. | c. | cell-mediated immunity. | b. | the inflammatory
response. | d. | permanent
immunity. |
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114.
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Which of the following is the first step in blood clotting?
a. | Platelets release clotting factor. | b. | Fibrin filaments produce a
clot. | c. | Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin. | d. | Thromboplastin
converts prothrombin to thrombin. |
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115.
|
The second part of a scientific name is unique to each
a. | species in its genus. | c. | genus in its family. | b. | family in its order. | d. | order in its
class. |
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116.
|
Swollen lymph nodes might indicate
a. | high blood pressure. | c. | an infection. | b. | varicose veins. | d. | an irregular
heartbeat. |
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117.
|
Air is filtered, warmed, and moistened in the
a. | nose and mouth. | c. | lungs. | b. | throat. | d. | pharynx. |
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118.
|
HIV weakens the immune system by killing
a. | killer T cells. | c. | helper T cells. | b. | antibodies. | d. | B cells. |
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119.
|
Living on land required that plants
a. | have cell walls. | c. | exchange gases. | b. | conserve water. | d. | evolve photosynthetic
pigments. |
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120.
|
The body of an annelid has
a. | stinging tentacles. | c. | a backbone. | b. | an external shell. | d. | segments. |
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121.
|
How do polyps differ from medusas?
a. | Medusas are carnivorous, and polyps are not. | b. | Medusas are
cylindrical and usually sessile, and polyps are bell-shaped and motile. | c. | Polyps have a
mesoglea, and medusas do not. | d. | Polyps are cylindrical and usually sessile, and
medusas are bell-shaped and motile. |
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122.
|
In the scientific version of a species name, which of the terms is
capitalized?
a. | the second term only | c. | both the first and second terms | b. | the first term
only | d. | neither the first nor
the second term |
|
|
123.
|
Where are the cells that make up the sinoatrial node, or pacemaker,
located?
a. | left atrium | c. | left ventricle | b. | right ventricle | d. | right atrium |
|
|
124.
|
Eukaryotes usually contain
a. | specialized organelles. | c. | a nucleus. | b. | genetic
material. | d. | all of the
above |
|
|
125.
|
The raw materials that the body needs for growth and repair come from
a. | water. | c. | proteins. | b. | unsaturated fats. | d. | carbohydrates. |
|
|
126.
|
The main function of the cell wall is to
a. | support and protect the cell. | c. | direct the activities of the
cell. | b. | help the cell move. | d. | store DNA. |
|
|
127.
|
Organisms in the kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria were previously grouped
in a kingdom called
a. | Fungi. | c. | Monera. | b. | Eukarya. | d. | Animalia. |
|
|
128.
|
Which body system acts in a way similar to a transportation system?
a. | circulatory | c. | nervous | b. | excretory | d. | respiratory |
|
|
129.
|
Which of the following is an example of a vector and the disease it
spreads?
a. | insecticides and malaria | c. | tall grass and Lyme
disease | b. | the Nile river and West Nile disease | d. | the deer tick and Lyme
disease |
|
|
130.
|
Which kingdom contains heterotrophs with cell walls of chitin?
a. | Plantae | c. | Protista | b. | Fungi | d. | Animalia |
|
|
131.
|
Which of the following invertebrates is NOT a crustacean?
a. | spider | c. | crayfish | b. | barnacle | d. | lobster |
|
|
132.
|
Which organelle breaks down food into molecules the cell can use?
a. | lysosome | c. | Golgi apparatus | b. | mitochondrion | d. | endoplasmic
reticulum |
|
|
133.
|
What gas, found in cigarette smoke, blocks the transport of oxygen by hemoglobin
in the blood?
a. | hydrogen peroxide | c. | carbon dioxide | b. | sodium bicarbonate | d. | carbon monoxide |
|
|
134.
|
Which organelles help provide cells with energy?
a. | smooth endoplasmic reticulum | c. | rough endoplasmic
reticulum | b. | mitochondria and chloroplasts | d. | Golgi apparatus and
ribosomes |
|
|
135.
|
Many sponges protect themselves from predators by producing
a. | nematocysts. | c. | larvae. | b. | toxins. | d. | choanocytes. |
|
|
136.
|
Plant viruses have a difficult time entering the cells they infect partly
because
a. | plant viruses are weaker than animal viruses. | b. | many plant viruses
are spread by insects. | c. | plant viruses do not have a protein
coat. | d. | plant cells have tough cell walls. |
|
|
137.
|
Soft-bodied animals which usually have a shell is
a characteristic of which phylum?
a. | Nemotoda | c. | Mollusca | b. | Arthropoda | d. | Cnidaria |
|
|
138.
|
The energy to perform actions, as well as the materials from which body cells
and tissues are made, comes from
a. | food. | c. | blood. | b. | oxygen. | d. | cellulose. |
|
|
139.
|
Long animals which
are divided into segments are part of which phylum?
a. | Annelida | c. | Nemotoda | b. | Arthropoda | d. | Chordata |
|
|
140.
|
All of the following are ways that HIV can be spread EXCEPT
a. | sharing needles for intravenous drug use. | b. | using another
person’s hairbrush. | c. | tending to another person’s bleeding
wound when you have a cut on your hand. | d. | having sex without a
condom. |
|
|
141.
|
Echinoderms are like vertebrates in that echinoderms
a. | are deuterostomes. | b. | have cephalization. | c. | are bilaterally
symmetrical as larvae and as adults. | d. | have an anterior end and a posterior
end. |
|
|
142.
|
Which of the following is a proper use of disinfectants?
a. | to start conjugation | c. | to preserve foods | b. | to sterilize a hospital | d. | as an
antibiotic |
|
|
143.
|
HIV spreads through the body by
a. | replicating inside the cells of the immune system. | b. | preventing the body
from producing antibodies against HIV. | c. | causing the body to have asthma
attacks. | d. | strengthening the immune system. |
|
|
144.
|
Which of the following is(are) used to identify prokaryotes?
a. | the way prokaryotes move | c. | the way prokaryotes obtain
energy | b. | cell shape | d. | all of the above |
|
|
145.
|
The two domains composed of only unicellular organisms are
a. | Eubacteria and Archaea. | c. | Eukarya and
Bacteria. | b. | Archaea and Eukarya. | d. | Archaea and Bacteria. |
|
|
146.
|
The division of the nervous system that helps the body react to pain is
the
a. | somatic nervous system. | c. | sympathetic nervous
system. | b. | autonomic nervous system. | d. | sensory nervous system. |
|
|
147.
|
Some scientists propose that the kingdom Protista should be broken up into
several kingdoms. Which of these statements accurately supports this idea?
a. | Protista evolved before any other kingdom. | b. | Protista contains
very diverse organisms that do not fit into the other kingdoms. | c. | Protists are all
very similar and easy to confuse. | d. | Protists are the most numerous organisms on
Earth. |
|
|
148.
|
Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called
a. | pigments. | c. | heterotrophs. | b. | autotrophs. | d. | thylakoids. |
|
|
149.
|
Jelly like animals
that have a bell or umbrella shape belong to which phylum?
a. | Platyhelminthes | c. | Cnidaria | b. | Porifera | d. | Nemotoda |
|
|
150.
|
Which of the following is NOT a function of the pancreas?
a. | produces sodium bicarbonate, a base that neutralizes stomach acid | b. | produces
bile | c. | produces hormones that regulate blood sugar levels | d. | produces enzymes
that break down carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids |
|
|
151.
|
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from
a. | an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. | b. | an area of
equilibrium to an area of high concentration. | c. | an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration. | d. | all of the above |
|
|
152.
|
The simplest animals
which gain nutrients by filtering water, are part of what phylum?
a. | Cnidaria | c. | Porifera | b. | Nemotoda | d. | Platyhelminthes |
|
|
153.
|
The Krebs cycle does not occur if
a. | carbon dioxide is present. | c. | fermentation
occurs. | b. | oxygen is present. | d. | glycolysis occurs. |
|
|
154.
|
If the skin is cut or broken, an infection can result from microorganisms
a. | in the air. | c. | on the skin. | b. | in the mucus. | d. | in the blood. |
|
|
155.
|
The mollusks that would move the most are the
a. | nudibranchs. | c. | gastropods. | b. | bivalves. | d. | cephalopods. |
|
|
156.
|
Doctors first suspected that AIDS was weakening the immune system of infected
patients when their patients developed
a. | rare infections. | c. | strep throat. | b. | allergies. | d. | asthma. |
|
|
157.
|
Lizards, snakes, and alligators are examples of class
a. | Amphibia | c. | Reptilia | b. | Agnatha | d. | Aves |
|
|
158.
|
If a person has memory B cells against a certain pathogen, the person is
a. | probably still sick with the disease. | b. | much less likely to develop the disease a
second time. | c. | likely to develop that disease. | d. | able to spread the disease to others through
physical contact. |
|
|
159.
|
All of the following are example of arthropods EXCEPT
a. | insects | c. | arachnids | b. | crustaceans | d. | bivalves |
|
|
160.
|
Breathing heavily after running a race is your body’s way of
a. | repaying an oxygen debt. | c. | making more citric
acid. | b. | recharging the electron transport chain. | d. | restarting
glycolysis. |
|
|
161.
|
Which of the following structures is found in the cytoplasm?
a. | nucleolus | c. | chromatin | b. | ribosome | d. | cell wall |
|
|
162.
|
Three body parts,
jointed legs and a tough exoskeleton are characteristics of which phylum?
a. | mollusca | c. | arthropoda | b. | nemotoda | d. | Cnidaria |
|
|
163.
|
Which of the following fluids is made up mostly of water?
a. | lymph | c. | blood | b. | other body fluids | d. | all of the
above |
|
|
164.
|
Flatworms belong to the phylum?
a. | Nemotoda | b. | Playthelminthes | c. | Chordata | d. | Annelida |
|
|
|
Figure
37–1
|
|
165.
|
Into what substance is fibrinogen converted?
a. | platelets | c. | fibrin | b. | thrombin | d. | thromboplastin |
|
|
166.
|
The outer protein coat of a virus is called a
a. | DNA core. | c. | bacteriophage. | b. | capsid. | d. | tail sheath. |
|
|
167.
|
Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?
a. | surrounds the cell | c. | helps a cell keep its shape | b. | helps make
proteins | d. | contains
DNA |
|
|
168.
|
Which statement about Penicillium is correct?
a. | It causes bread to rise. | c. | It causes athlete’s
foot. | b. | It is the source of an antibiotic. | d. | It produces
mushrooms. |
|
|
169.
|
Which of the following is a mechanism that some antiviral drugs use to fight
viruses?
a. | killing both bacterial and human cells | b. | interfering with the ability of viruses to
invade cells and multiply once inside of them | c. | increasing protein synthesis on
ribosomes | d. | none of the above |
|
|
170.
|
A student suggests that a certain species of bacteria grows better in the light
than in the dark. The student has 10 culture plates on which to grow the bacteria. Which
of the following would be the best experiment to test this idea?
a. | Grow 10 plates in the light, with extra water. | b. | Grow 5 plates in the
dark and 5 plates in the light. | c. | Grow 10 plates in the light.
| d. | Grow 10 plates in the dark. |
|
|
171.
|
Humans use bacteria to
a. | clean up small oil spills. | c. | synthesize
drugs. | b. | mine minerals from the ground. | d. | all of the
above |
|
|
172.
|
Which of the following statements is NOT true about the process of
sweating?
a. | Excessive sweating can lead to dehydration. | b. | Sweating is likely
to occur after strenuous exercise. | c. | Sweating is more likely to occur on hot days
than cool days. | d. | Evaporation of sweat warms the body. |
|
|
173.
|
Which plasma proteins help to regulate osmotic pressure and blood volume?
a. | platelets | c. | albumins | b. | globulins | d. | fibrinogens |
|
|
174.
|
What does molting enable arthropods to do?
a. | to breathe | c. | to eat | b. | to reproduce | d. | to grow |
|
|
175.
|
Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?
a. | All cells are produced by existing cells. | b. | All living things
are made of cells. | c. | Cells are the basic units of
life. | d. | Very few cells reproduce. |
|
|
176.
|
Insects are classified as
a. | crustaceans. | c. | chelicerates. | b. | arachnids. | d. | uniramians. |
|
|
177.
|
Which of the following is NOT a part of the circulatory system?
a. | blood | c. | blood vessels | b. | heart | d. | air passageway |
|
|
178.
|
Typical primitive arthropods had bodies that were composed of
a. | one segment | c. | many segments | b. | no segments | d. | three segments |
|
|
179.
|
The nervous system of a roundworm includes
a. | several ganglia. | c. | a single ganglion. | b. | a complex brain. | d. | a simple brain. |
|
|
180.
|
Warm-blooded animals that have mammary glands to produce their own milk are in
class
a. | Aves | c. | Agnatha | b. | Reptilia | d. | Mammalia |
|
|
181.
|
The function of valves in the human circulatory system is to
a. | prevent the backward flow of blood. | c. | accelerate the flow of
blood. | b. | stimulate the heartbeat. | d. | serve as a cushion to prevent friction. |
|
Modified True/False (Value 30) Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false,
change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
|
|
182.
|
Digestive enzymes found in the small intestine break down undigested
fats. _________________________
|
|
183.
|
If you swim aerobically for 30 minutes, your body has probably started to break
down stored molecules, such as fats, for energy. _________________________
|
|
184.
|
Microscopes produce images by focusing light rays or beams of cells.
_________________________
|
|
185.
|
The assembly of ribosomes begins in a small dense structure called the
chromatin. _________________________
|
|
186.
|
During the course of a long race, a person’s muscle cells will use both
cellular respiration and lactic acid fermentation to produce ATP.
_________________________
|
|
187.
|
The variable that is deliberately changed is called the responding
variable. _________________________
|
|
188.
|
Without the Krebs cycle, the electron transport chain would produce very
few ATPs. _________________________
|
|
|
Figure
19–2
|
|
189.
|
Figure 19–2 shows the three shapes of viruses.
_________________________
|
|
190.
|
If you grind up the chloroplasts found in spinach leaves into a liquid solution,
the solution will have a green color. _________________________
|
|
191.
|
The first number of a blood pressure measurement is the diastolic
pressure. _________________________
|
|
192.
|
If a plant is placed in a greenhouse held at 40°C, the plant will probably
increase its normal rate of photosynthesis. _________________________
|
|
193.
|
A scientist working in the early 1900s came up with a hypothesis. Over the
next 100 years, other scientists tested the hypothesis and found that it always held true. This
hypothesis can now rightfully be called a result. ________________________
|
|
194.
|
Bacteria can cause disease by releasing toxins into the body.
_________________________
|
|
|
Figure
8–3
|
|
195.
|
If you were to isolate the structure shown in Figure 8–3, it would appear
green. _________________________
|
|
196.
|
Zebras, water buffalo, and gazelles live together on an African prairie.
Together these animals are considered to be a community because a community is made up of many
organisms. _________________________________
|
|
197.
|
The vast majority of multicellular organisms reproduce asexually.
_________________________
|
|
198.
|
Scientists often look for similar genes in very dissimilar organisms.
_________________________
|
|
199.
|
Once equilibrium is reached, roughly equal numbers of molecules move in
either direction across a semipermeable membrane, and there is no further change in concentration on
either side of the membrane. _________________________
|
|
200.
|
Plants gather the sun’s energy with light-absorbing molecules called
pigments. _________________________
|
|
201.
|
In zygomycetes, the sporangiophore is the only 2N fungal structure.
_________________________
|
|
202.
|
Scientists are persuaded by logical arguments that are supported by
evidence. _________________________
|
|
203.
|
Cilia and flagella are made of protein filaments called endoplasmic
reticulum. _________________________
|
|
204.
|
A typical organ is made up of many different kinds of cells and tissues.
_________________________
|
|
205.
|
The Krebs cycle releases energy in the form of ATP.
_________________________
|
|
206.
|
A red blood cell placed in pure water will shrink.
_________________________
|
|
207.
|
Ribosomes stud the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum.
_________________________
|
|
208.
|
Paleontologists study dinosaurs and other ancient life.
_________________________
|
Completion (Value 18) Complete
each statement.
|
|
209.
|
In science, a theory is a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of
____________________.
|
|
210.
|
In traditional classification, some similarities that were used to group
organisms were based on _________________________ instead of a shared evolutionary history.
|
|
211.
|
____________________ are effective at treating strep throat, but not at treating
the flu.
|
|
212.
|
Two turns of the Krebs cycle will result in ____________________ ATP
molecules.
|
|
213.
|
Blood, lymph, and other bodily fluids consist mostly of
____________________.
|
|
214.
|
Animal-like protists that use structures called ____________________ for
movement and for feeding are members of the phylum Sarcodina.
|
|
215.
|
In Ulva, the haploid reproductive cells are called spores; these are
analogous to the ____________________ of Chlamydomonas.
|
|
216.
|
Eukaryotes that are not members of the kingdoms Plantae, Animalia, or Fungi are
considered ____________________.
|
|
217.
|
A genetic disorder called ____________________ results from a defective protein
in the clotting pathway.
|
|
218.
|
The sporozoan Plasmodium, carried from host to host by mosquitoes, causes
____________________, a very serious infectious disease.
|
|
|
Figure
9–1
|
|
219.
|
In Figure 9–1, only the pathway labeled ____________________ requires
oxygen.
|
|
220.
|
Fungal spores are produced in structures called ____________________.
|
|
221.
|
Farmers must plant wheat each year because wheat is a(an)
____________________.
|
|
222.
|
A membrane protein called _____________________ allows H+ ions to
pass through the thylakoid membrane out of the thylakoids.
|
|
223.
|
____________________ protists are heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from dead
or decaying organic matter.
|